此論文為質性研究，旨在研究LGBT（女同志、男同志、雙性戀、跨性別）員工職場歧視經驗，以個人建構理論、相對剝奪理論和正義理論作為基礎點延伸，並探討職場歧視對個人帶來的心理層面及工作生涯影響，和個人對歧視行為的因應策略。為順利了解本研究的三個研究問題之解答，透過一對一半結構式方法訪談了共八位受訪者。第一個部分以三個理論為出發點，欲了解受訪者察覺到職場歧視背後的因素和機制。第二部分則深入個體經驗所帶給他們的影響，將分別探討工作態度、心理層面和生涯規劃三個面向，以及三者互相間接或直接的關係，最終的重點將聚焦於LGBT職場歧視對受訪者職涯規劃的影響。第三部分將分析受訪者在工作場合面對歧視時，如何選擇他們的應對手法，而因應策略主要又分為歧視管理和身份管理兩大手法。藉由本研究拋磚引玉，組織能更理解且體恤內部LGBT員工，更得當地運用人力及育留人才。

This is a qualitative research exploring LGBT employees’ workplace discrimination based on self-construct theory, relative deprivation theory and justice theories. Moreover, this research will also discuss the impacts, psychological and career-wise, workplace discrimination brings and how an LGBT employee would cope with discrimination. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants in total. First part begins with how the three theories explain LGBT employees’ perception of workplace discrimination. Second research question investigate how participants’ experiences have influenced them in terms of work attitudes, psychological aspect and career plan. The last part focuses on participants’ coping strategies when they perceive discrimination at work. With the intention of being a voice for LGBT employees, this research hopes organizations could care and value their talents and have an understanding communication with their LGBT employees.

Thesis Validation Letter ..................................................................................................i
Abstract (Chinese)........................................................................................................ii Abstract (English).........................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents..................................................................................iv
List of Tables........................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I........................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................1
1.1 Discrimination in the Workplace...............................................................1
1.2 LGBT in the workplace................................................................................3
Definition of LGBT Community...........................................................3
Coming out at Workplaces....................................................................5
CHAPTER II......................................................................................................8
Literature Review....................................................................................................8
2.1 Self-construct Theory.............................................................................8
2.2 Relative Deprivation Theory.........................................................................11
2.3 Justice Theories..........................................................................................13
2.4 Impacts of LGBT Workplace Discrimination..............................................15
Psychological Conditions.........................................................................17
Careers of LGBT People........................................................................20
2.5 Coping Strategies..........................................................................................22
CHAPTER III……..........................................................................................29
Methodology….........................................................................................................29
3.1Research Design.........................................................................................29
Choice of Methods.........................................................................29
Designing and Structuring the Interview………………………………..30
3.2 Data Collection...............................................................................................31
Sampling..............................................................................................31
Organizing and Conducting the Interviews........................................32
Pilot Interview..............................................................................34
Research Ethics...............................................................................35
Reliability and Validity....................................................................35
3.3 Data analysis.................................................................................................36
Transcription and Initial Coding.......................................................37
Searching for Themes and Defining Categories...................................38
CHAPTER IV................................................................................................40
Findings and Discussions..........................................................................40
4.1 Participants..................................................................................40
LGBT Identity........................................................................................43
4.2 Self-construct Theory............................................................................45
4.3 Relative Deprivation Theory and Procedural Justice Theory………………47
Stage 1 & 2 of Relative Deprivation Theory…………………………..47
Stage 3 & 4 of Relative Deprivation Theory…………………..…………49
4.4 Distributive Justice Theory and Interaction Justice Theory………………50
Distributive Justice Theory...............................................................50
Interaction Justice Theory....................................................................52
4.5 Conclusion of Research Question 1............................................................53
4.6 Minority Stress Model..................................................................................55
Employment Discrimination—Job Interviews….……………..…….55
Employment Discrimination—the Lavender Ceiling…………..…..58
Gender Stereotypical Appearances and Behaviors………………59
Perceived Homophobia…………………………………………………61
4.7 Effects—job motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance……………………………………………………………………...…...63
Job Motivation.....................................................................................64
Job Satisfaction................................................................................66
Organizational Commitment.......................................................................67
Job Performance........................................................................................69
4.8 Effects—psychology...................................................................................72
Depressed Emotions..................................................................72
Psychological Distress.............................................................................74
Negative changes of personality or behavior................................................76
Positive changes of personality or behavior..........................................77
4.9 Effects—career..............................................................................................78
Turnover intention..........................................................................79
Career path choices......................................................................................80
4.10 Conclusion of RQ2..................................................................................83
4.11 Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping..............................................86
Stressor Sensing and Interpretation of the Stressor……………………..86
Coping Responses and Overcoming Stress—discrimination management...89
Coping Responses and Overcoming Stress—identity management……….92
4.12External support.......................................................................96
Organizational support....................................................................97
Other support.....................................................................................100
4.13 Conclusion of RQ3.................................................................................101
CHAPTER V...................................................................................................104
Conclusions..................................................................................................104
5.1 Limitations of this Research.........................................................105
5.2 Practical implications .................................................................................106
5.3 Suggestions for future research ...............................................................107
References..............................................................................................................109
Appendix................................................................................................................121

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