在奧地利，餐旅業表現相當突出，因為它佔了該國GDP 的很大一部分，也雇用了50 萬名員工。由於該行業需要如此龐大的勞動力，因此工作滿意度、工作壓力和組織文化是該行業的重要議題。本研究的目的是找出這三個主題之間的相關性。文獻綜述給出了非常有力的建議，即工作壓力大、工作時間長等對工作滿意度沒有影響，而組織文化與該行業的工作滿意度有更強的相關性。因此，一項質化調查被發送到該國不同的餐旅業者，該調查包括組織文化和工作滿意度方面的問題。發現群體文化與工作滿意度和理性文化與工作滿意度之間存在中等相關性，而發展性文化與工作滿意度之間存在高相關性。調查發現階級文化與工作滿意度之間沒有顯著相關性。

In Austria, the hospitality industry is rather prominent as it makes up a big part of the country’s GDP and employs half a million people. As the sector requires such a big labour force, job satisfaction, job stress and organizational culture are an important part of this industry. The aim was to find out how those 3 topics are connected. The literature review gave very strong suggestions, that job stress such as an extensive workload and long hours have no effect on job satisfaction and that organizational culture had a stronger correlation with job satisfaction in this sector. Therefore, a qualitative survey was sent out to the employee’s different hospitality establishments which included questions on aspects of organizational culture and job satisfaction. A medium correlation between group culture and job satisfaction and rational culture and job satisfaction was found and a strong correlation between developmental culture and job satisfaction was found. The survey found no significant correlation between hierarchical culture and job satisfaction.

Contents
Thesis Validation Letter.................................................................................................................. i
Thesis Authorization Letter........................................................................................................... ii
Chinese Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iii
English Abstract.............................................................................................................................iv
Table of Figures.............................................................................................................................vi
Table of Tables ..............................................................................................................................vi
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Literature review................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Hospitality ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Austria´s Hospitality industry ................................................................................ 3
1.2 Job Satisfaction.............................................................................................................. 4
1.2.1 Measuring job satisfaction .................................................................................... 8
1.3 Job stress....................................................................................................................... 9
1.3.1 Concepts of job stress......................................................................................... 10
1.4 Organizational Culture ................................................................................................ 14
1.4.1 Characteristics of organisational culture ............................................................ 17
1.4.2 Development and categorisation of organisational culture ............................... 18
1.4.3 The competing values framework (CVF) ............................................................. 19
1.5 Connection between the terms job satisfaction, job stress and organizational culture
21
1.5.1 Connection between job stress and job satisfaction .......................................... 21
1.5.2 Connection between Organisational Culture and Job Satisfaction..................... 23
1.5.3 Connection between Organizational Culture and Job Stress.............................. 26
1.6 Concluding the literature review ................................................................................ 27
2. Methodology....................................................................................................................... 29
3. Findings ............................................................................................................................... 32
3.1 The 4 competing values .............................................................................................. 33
3.2 Job satisfaction............................................................................................................ 36
3.3 Correlations and hypothesis testing ........................................................................... 37
3.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 39
4. Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 40
4.1 Industry implications................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Limitations and further research................................................................................. 42
YL
References................................................................................................................................... 43

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Figure 10 Proportion of male and female respondents
Figure 11 Age of participants