社會企業 (SE) 已成為常規企業的替代品。他們提出了一種混合商業模式，將商業活動（銷售產品和服務）與解決社會問題的目標相結合。這些是相對較新的實體，因此有很大的研究空間。這是一項探索性研究，旨在找出現在經營社會企業是否比十年前更容易。它修訂了社會企業的定義和特徵以及它們的出現方式。此外，它探索了台灣的 SE 生態系統，從他們的類型到他們的願景和使命。從政治角度分析台灣社企的具體政策（如2014年社會企業行動計劃和2018年社會創新行動計劃），以評估它們是否對其發展產生積極影響。本論文還對台灣社會企業的三個案例研究——Townway Corporation、DiD Taipei 和 KSEA——進行了定性研究，將提供有關它們如何運作、面臨的挑戰以及它們與政府和政府等其他參與者的關係的相關信息。文明社會。最後，它確定了有助於台灣社會企業成功的一些因素，並為他們的未來提出了一些建議。

Social Enterprises (SEs) have emerged as an alternative to regular businesses. They present a hybrid business model that combines commercial activities -selling products and services- with the goal of tackling some problem in society. These are relatively new entities, thus there is much room for studying them. This is an exploratory study that aims at finding out whether it is now easier to operate a social enterprise than ten years ago. It revises the definition and characteristics of SEs as well as how they emerged. Moreover, it explores the SE ecosystem in Taiwan from their types to their vision and mission. Trough a political lens, specific policies regarding SEs in Taiwan -such as the 2014 Social Enterprise Action Plan and the 2018 Social Innovation Action Plan- are analyzed to assess whether they have a positive influence on their development. This thesis also presents a qualitative study of three case studies of Taiwanese social enterprise - Townway Corporation, DiD Taipei and KSEA- that will provide relevant information on how they operate, the challenges they face and their relationship with other actors such as the government and the civil society. Finally it identifies some factors that contribute to the success of Social Enterprises in Taiwan and makes some recommendations for their future.

i. Validation letter i
ii. Acknowledgements ii
iii. 摘要 iii
iv. Abstract iv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1. Introduction to SE 5
2.2. Conceptualization 6
2.2.1. Social Enterprise 7
2.3. Further understanding SEs 14
2.4. Social enterprises in Taiwan 19
2.4.1. Types of SEs in Taiwan 21
2.5. Conclusion 26
3. POLICY REVIEW 28
3.1. Legal and political framework 28
3.2. Interview with Yen Feng 33
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 42
4.1. Scope of the research and limitations 42
4.2. Data collection method 43
4.3. Interview questions and their rationale 43
5. CASE STUDIES 47
5.1. Townway Cultural and Creative Corporation 47
5.2. Dialogue in the Dark Taipei 53
5.3. KSEA (Includes Big Issue Taiwan and Toy Wonderland) 60
6. FINAL REMARKS 65
6.1. Has it become easier to operate a SE in Taiwan? 65
6.2. Factors that contribute to the success of SEs in Taiwan 68
6.3. Recommendations for the future of SE in Taiwan 71
7. CONCLUSION 73
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES 75
10. APPENDICES 81

BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS

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Fayolle, A, Matlay, H, 2010. ‘Social entrepreneurship: a multicultural and multidimensional perspective.’ In Alain Fayolle and Harry Matlay. Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Cheltenham, UK 
Gidron, B,  Hasenfeld, Y. 2012. Social Enterprises. An Organizational Perspective. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Ebook version.
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Wu, Y, 2021. ’Social Enterprise in Taiwan, Economic and Social Welfare Transition’. In Briar-Lawson, K, Miesing, P, Ramos, B. Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Economic and Social Development. Oxford University Press. New York, US.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

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Kerlin. J. 2018. Social Enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and Learning from the Differences. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 17(3):246-262.Published online: 28 September 2006
Kuan, Y.-Y. The Development of Social Enterprises in Taiwan—Concepts, Traits, and Types. In Social Enterprise Governance, 2nd ed.; Chu-Liu Book Company: Taipei, Taiwan, 2016; pp. 123–142.
Kuan, Y.Y.; Wang, S.T. The Governance and Social Impact of Taiwan’s Social Enterprises, 2nd ed.; Chu-Liu Book Company: Taipei, Taiwan, 2016; pp. 173–194.
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Mair, J. Mart, I. (2006): Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business 41 (2006) 36–44. IESE Business School, University of Navarra. 
Penner, L. A., Finkelstein, M. A. 1998. Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 525-537.
Saebi, Tina, et al. 2018 “Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Achievements and Future Promises.” SSRN Electronic Journal, vol. 45, no. 1, 2018, pp. 70–95. 
Śledzik K., (2013), Schumpeter’s view on innovation and entrepreneurship (in:) Management Trends in Theory and Practice, (ed.) Stefan Hittmar, Faculty of Management Science and In-formatics, University of Zilina & Institute of Management by University of Zilina 
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Wu, YC, Wu, YJ & Wu, SM. 2018, 'Development and challenges of social enterprises in Taiwan-from the perspective of community development’, Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 6, 1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061797

REPORTS
Charities Aid Foundation, 2019. World Giving Index. 10th edition. PDF version.
OECD, 1999. Social Enterprises, OECD, Paris. PDF version.
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OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS:

Department of Information Services, Executive Yuan, 2018. Social Innovation Action Plan, August 2018. PDF version. Can be found at: https://si.taiwan.gov.tw/Files/News/47/Social Innovation Action Plan.pdf.
Economic Statistics Annual 2016. The Republic of China Dept. of Statistics Ministry of Economic Affairs. Available online: https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/content/ContentLink.aspx?menu_id=9432 (accessed on 15th May 2021).

WEBPAGES:
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