本研究希望能藉由大學生日常校園生活之經驗，探討大學生在樂觀、創造力自我效能、身心健康與創新行為之關係。本研究是以正向心理學預防角度，深入探討樂觀的定義及理論，並瞭解大學生的創造力與身心健康現況，以及探討大學生是否因樂觀的思維進而影響其創造力自我效能，而創造力自我效能是否能影響創新行為的產生；另外，本研究企圖瞭解身心狀況如何影響樂觀、創造力自我效能與創新行為之關係。本研究採問卷調查方式以「生活導向量表」、「創造力自我效能」、「創新行為」與「一般健康量表」為研究工具，以南部某大學之30位大學生為對象進行預試，分析量表信度後，進行正式施測。正式施測以南部某大學之大學生為問卷施測對象，共得有效樣本372位，男生184位，女生188位，經信度分析、描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、階層迴歸分析統計方法分析後，主要結果如下 :
一、 大學生的樂觀與創造力自我效能有顯著的正相關。
二、 大學生的創造力自我效能與創新行為有顯著的正相關。
三、 大學生的身體症狀、焦慮與失眠症、社會功能障礙會調節樂觀與創造力自我效能的正向關係。
四、 大學生的嚴重憂鬱症會調節創造力自我效能與創新行為的正向關係。
最後，本研究根據研究結果對實務與未來研究提出建議。

This study attempt to know the campus experience of college students, and we will explore the relationship among optimism, physical and mental health, creative self-efficacy, and innovative behavior. The study is based on positive psychology, and view from preventive perspective. We will find out the optimism and their theories, and also know about the state of creative, physical and mental health on college students. In addition to, to understand will optimism impact creative self-efficacy, then creative self-efficacy affect innovative behavior or not. Ultimately, this study attempts to understand physical and mental health how to affect the relationship between optimism, creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior.

This study completed a self-report survey which consists of four instruments : Life Orientation Test-Revised Scale, Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, Innovative Behavior Sclae, and General Health Questionnaire. Pre-test in a university at southern in Taiwan, after confirm it reliability is suitable, we start to sent the formal questionnaire to the university at southern in Taiwan. Data form 327 college students (male = 184, female = 188). The statistic methods used in this study are reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis. In summary, this study discovered that: (1) It is positive relationship between optimism and creative self-efficacy on college students. (2) It is positive relationship between creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior on college students. (3) Somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction are moderate the positive relationship between optimism and creative self-efficacy. (4) Severe depression is moderate the positive relationship between creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior. Finally, we will provide some recommendations base on the research results.

論文審定書 iii
誌 謝 iv
摘 要 v
Abstract vi
目 錄 vii
圖 次 ix
表 次 ix
一、緒論 1
第一節 研究背景及動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
二、文獻探討 5
第一節 樂觀與悲觀的定義與分類 5
第二節 樂觀與悲觀的理論 7
一、 Scheier和Carver的自我調節理論 (Self-Regulation Theory) 7
二、 Peterson 和Seligman的解釋風格理論 (Explanatory Style) 9
第三節 樂觀的測量 11
一、 生活導向量表(Life Orientation Test, LOT) 11
二、 歸因風格問卷 (Attributional Style Questionnaire, ASQ) 12
三、 樂觀與悲觀量表(Optimism-Pessimism Scale, OPS) 12
四、 小結 13
第四節 樂觀與身心健康之相關研究 14
第五節 樂觀、創造力與身心狀況之關係 17
一、 樂觀與創造力 17
二、 焦慮、情緒與創造力 19
三、 小結 20
三、研究方法 22
第一節 研究架構與假設 22
一、 研究架構 22
二、 研究假設 23
第二節 研究對象、抽樣方法與資料收集程序 24
一、 研究對象 24
二、 抽樣方法與資料收集程序 24
第三節 研究工具問卷設計 26
一、 問卷編制過程 26
二、 研究變項的操作定義 29
第四節 信度分析 36
第五節 資料處理與分析方法 37
四、研究分析與結果 39
第一節 描述性統計分析 39
一、 基本資料分析 39
二、 生活導向量表、創造力自我效能量表、創新行為量表、一般健康量表之問卷分析 45
三、 基本變項在生活導向量表、創造力自我效能量表、創新行為量表、一般健康量表的得分 47
第二節 推論性統計分析 62
一、 樂觀、創造力自我效能、創新行為、身心狀況與運動總時數變項之間的相關 62
二、 各基本變項對樂觀之影響 65
三、 各基本變項對創造力自我效能之影響 70
四、 各基本變項對創新行為之影響 77
五、 各基本變項對一般健康狀況之影響 83
六、 基本變項、樂觀、身心狀況與創造力自我效能之迴歸分析 110
七、 基本變項、樂觀、創造力自我效能、身心狀況、與創新行為之迴歸分析 113
八、 研究結果摘要 118
五、討論與建議 119
第一節 研究討論 119
一、 關於大學生樂觀、創造力自我效能、創新行為與身心狀況之現況 119
二、 關於樂觀、創造力自我效能與創新行為之關係 121
三、 關於身心狀況調節樂觀與創造力自我效能之關係 122
四、 關於身心狀況調節創造力自我效能與創新行為之關係 122
第二節 研究限制 124
第三節 建議 125
參考文獻 126
一、 中文文獻 126
二、 英文文獻 131
附 錄 142
附錄一 : 作者同意函 142
附錄二 : 預試問卷 144
附錄三 : 正式問卷 148

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