過往主流學者提出明星能夠帶給組織績效及組織內成員上的績效提升，然而在近幾年來，愈來愈多學者對於招募外來明星對於組織內成員的績效進行研究，進而開始提出在組織資源面因為外來明星而受到改變進而對成員產生負面影響之研究，兩派學者皆透過實證據理力爭，但卻忽略了明星有不同進入組織的方式。過往學者多為研究外來明星或是綜合性的探討明星對於組織的影響，鮮少將內部明星獨立探討並與外部明星做比較，而在明星對於組織內成員的細部績效研究中更是缺乏，也鮮少有學術外之產業研究，因此在過往研究中產生許多明星分類上細分以及缺少明星對於組織內成員績效在學術界之外研究形成兩大缺口。
本研究透過將明星細分為內部及外部明星來探討這兩種明星對於組織績效及組織內成員績效之影響，以美國職棒大聯盟2002年到2016年共15年間之資料做為研究區間並透過回歸模型驗證實驗假設；研究結果顯示在第一項研究針對組織績效之研究中驗證出內部明星相比外部明星對於組織績效有更顯著的正向績效影響，可以呼應過往學者針對外部明星因為進入組織後可能影響原先組織資源分配而在組織績效上的局限性得到驗證，而在第二項研究針對組織內成員之績效則並無顯著之研究結果，可能與產業績效衡量方式以及過往學者對於組織內成員之地位及位置之細分後才可能有顯著效果之影響有關。

In the extant literature, the mainstream scholars suggest that stars have positive effect to the organization; but in recent years, more and more scholars research on the recruitment of external stars cause the negative effect among incumbents because of the change of resource allocation. The two different streams of scholars demonstrate their arguments through empirical analysis, but they ignore the different ways of stars the comprehensive star effect on organizational performance, seldom do they pay attention to the internal star effect and compare them to external stars. On the other hand, research about star effect on incumbent performance is even scarce and lack of the research on the industry except academia. Thus, the past star research on organizational performance shows two gaps, which are different kinds of star categories and also additional industry analysis on incumbent performance.
The research divides stars into external stars and internal stars through the different ways of entering organizations. By using the data of Major League Baseball from 2002 to 2016, the research is able to use regression model to test the hypothesis. The result shows that in the first experiment on organizational performance, the internal stars have more positive significant effect on team performance, which is consistent with the past scholars’ empirical test on the external stars’ effect on resource allocation which cause the restriction of their positive effect on team performance. However, the second experiment on incumbent performance shows the significance, which might relate to the different methods of evaluate incumbent performance of different industries and what past scholars have proved that the status would be the significant factor on incumbent performance.

論文審定書 ........................................................................................................................................... i
誌謝 ..................................................................................................................................................... ii
摘要 .................................................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. iv
目錄 ..................................................................................................................................................... v
圖次 .................................................................................................................................................... vi
表次 .................................................................................................................................................... vi
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................................... 1
第二章 文獻探討 ........................................................................................................................... 3
高地位就是明星嗎？ ............................................................................................................................. 3
明星對於績效的影響 ............................................................................................................................. 3
美國職棒大聯盟的招募以及訓練 ......................................................................................................... 6
第三章 研究方法及資料搜集 ......................................................................................................... 8
明星球員之設定 .................................................................................................................................... 8
團隊績效及團隊內成員績效模型之自變數建立 ................................................................................. 9
團隊績效模型及變數介紹 ................................................................................................................... 12
團隊內成員績效模型以及變數介紹 ................................................................................................... 14
第四章 研究結果分析 .................................................................................................................. 15
明星對於組織績效影響之模型分析 ................................................................................................... 15
明星對於組織內成員績效影響之模型分析 ....................................................................................... 18
第五章 結論及建議 ...................................................................................................................... 21
理論意涵 .............................................................................................................................................. 21
實務及產業面意涵 ............................................................................................................................... 22
研究限制及未來方向 ........................................................................................................................... 22
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................................................... 24
附錄 ................................................................................................................................................... 27

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