臺灣因地理位置特殊，是颱風的好發之地，其造成的傷害與影響甚是巨大。當颱風災害發生之時，民眾多會選擇透過網路媒體瞭解災情狀況。本研究以「跨媒體議題設定理論」為基礎，探討網路媒體在颱風災害中扮演的角色，及各類型媒體之間的關係。

本研究以網路新聞媒體、社群媒體與網路論壇作為研究標的，蒐集其對2016年、2017年的九個颱風的報導與討論內容作為原始數據，以R進行文字探勘，透過網路聲量、詞頻、TF-IDF、主題內容與時間序列分析考察其中的跨媒體議題設定關係。

研究發現，網路媒體颱風資訊的特徵，除了與颱風強烈程度高度關聯，颱風的獨特性（unusualness）與戲劇性（drama）亦對聲量產生正向影響。而三者間的內容主題差異，主要體現於三者在災害中擔任不同的角色。新聞媒體在颱風災害中為「主要資訊提供者」，社群媒體則是「資訊分享強化者」，論壇類似於社群媒體，同為「資訊分享強化者」。差別在於論壇展現出討論平台的特性，讓主題上能具有「主體專一，面向多元」的獨特之處。本研究亦發現在颱風災害主題中，網路新聞媒體、社群媒體與網路論壇間確實存在跨媒體議題設定效果，其方向與使用者的導向需求有所關連。受到導向需求的調節，引發較低導向需求的主題，會使社群媒體與論壇成為主要的議題設定者；引發較高導向需求的主題，會使新聞媒體成為主要的議題設定者。

Due to its special geographical location, Taiwan is a place where typhoons are likely to strike. The damage and impact caused by typhoons are enormous. When disaster occurs, people often choose online media to learn about the disaster situation. Based on the intermedia agenda-setting theory, this study examined the role of online media in typhoon disasters and the relationships among various types of media.

This study used online news media, social media, and online forums as the subjects of the study. Their reports and discussions on nine typhoons in 2016 and 2017 were collected as primary data. Using R to conduct a text mining, I examined the media coverage regarding its volume, word frequency, TF-IDF, topical themes, and the intermedia agenda-setting effects with time series analysis.

The study finds that the characteristics of typhoon information in online media are not only highly correlated with the intensity of typhoons, but also the unusual and dramatic nature of typhoons had a positive impact on the online volume. The distinction in content themes among the three media is mainly due to their different roles in the disasters. The news media serve as the "primary information provider" in the typhoon disasters, while both the social media and the online forun are the "information sharing reinforcers". The difference lies in the fact that both media demonstrate the characteristics of a discussion platform, which allows the topic to be unique in that it is "subject-specific and multi-faceted".

This study also finds that the effects of intermedia agenda setting among online news media, social media, and online forums vary across the topics of typhoon disasters. The direction of the effects is related to users' need for orientation. The topics that generated lower need for orientation, make social media and forums the main agenda setters. Topics with higher need for orientation lead to news media as the main agenda setter.

論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究背景 1
第二節　研究動機 3
第三節　研究目的與問題 6
第二章　文獻探討 9
第一節　議題設定理論 9
第二節　跨媒體議題設定 10
第三節　不同類型媒體在災害中的角色及其報導特徵 13
一、新聞媒體在災害中的角色與報導內容 13
二、社群媒體與論壇在災害中的角色與報導內容 15
第四節　颱風災害議題中的跨媒體議題設定關係 19
一、導向需求（Need for orientation；NFO） 19
二、針對不同主題的導向需求 21
第三章　研究方法 25
第一節　資料蒐集與分類 25
一、資料來源 25
二、研究主體 26
第二節　電腦內容分析法 29
一、網路聲量分析與詞頻詞性、關鍵詞分析 30
二、Latent Dirichlet Allocation主題建模法 31
三、時間序列分析 34
第四章　資料分析與討論 39
第一節　網路聲量分析 39
一、不同媒體於颱風災害期間的網路聲量變化 39
第二節　詞頻分析、關鍵詞分析 44
一、不同媒體於颱風災害中使用的詞彙之頻率與詞性分析 44
二、不同媒體於颱風災害中使用的關鍵詞彙 54
第三節　LDA主題建模分析 58
一、網路新聞媒體主題面向 62
二、社群媒體主題面向 63
三、網路論壇媒體主題面向 64
第四節　時間序列分析 69
一、Granger causality test 因果分析結果 71
第五章　結論與建議 75
第一節　研究發現與討論 75
一、網路媒體颱風資訊的特徵 75
二、網路媒體在颱風災害中的角色及其報導特徵 77
三、颱風災害中的跨媒體議題設定關係 79
第二節　研究貢獻與限制 81
一、學術貢獻 81
二、實務貢獻 82
三、研究限制與未來研究建議 83
參考文獻 85
附錄 99
附錄一　LDA主題建模命名編碼規則 99
附錄二　JiebaR結巴詞性對照表 100
附錄三　LDA主題關鍵字 101
附錄四　R語言原始程式碼 104

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