隨著網際網路發展日益成熟，對於隱私所產生的顧慮也漸漸浮出檯面。特別是在人人皆握有智慧型手機的移動應用程式時代裡，人們雖然不停強調著隱私的重要性，但卻在有意無意間揭露自己的隱私資訊，而這種對於隱私顧慮與實際行為不一致的現象稱之為隱私矛盾(Privacy Paradox)，或稱作隱私悖論。過往隱私矛盾相關的文獻，通常透過個人回溯特定過往經驗，以自我報告問卷調查或訪談方式作為研究方法，了解其是否有隱私揭露的行為。然而，個人決策的制定並非全然理性，往往還會受到情境的不同與感性等等因素影響。某些時候人們可能僅憑無意識、直覺做決策，而並不會經過邏輯性的思考過程。因此，本研究通過雙系統理論(Dual Process Theory)探討隱私矛盾的現象，定義個體在進行決策時會受到兩種不同的系統影響，進而了解在有無產生隱私矛盾現象所運用的決策路徑與其差異。此外，近年來認知神經科學研究方法被廣泛運用，為研究者提供最直接的生理資訊作為驗證。了解個體進行決策的腦波反應，可以更客觀的理解造成此種現象的原因。而結果表明，當產生隱私矛盾時，人們較傾向於以系統一作為決策路徑，腦電圖中象徵放鬆心理狀態的α波值較無產生隱私矛盾時高；而當無產生隱私矛盾時，人們較傾向於以系統二作為決策路徑，腦電圖中象徵理性心理狀態的β波值較有產生隱私矛盾時高。這意味著，人們在隱私決策過程中產生隱私矛盾時，僅憑藉直覺思考之下，揭露個人隱私資訊；反之，無產生隱私矛盾時，則是以理性之邏輯思考謹慎評估風險收益。

As the Internet matures, privacy concerns are emerging. Especially in the age of everyone owns a smartphone. People, while constantly emphasizing the importance of privacy, are intentionally or unintentionally exposing their privacy information, and this phenomenon of privacy concerns and actual behavior inconsistent is called privacy paradox. The research method of previous literature about privacy paradox individuals was often asked to trace back specific past experiences. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires or interviews to see if they have privacy disclosure behavior. However, the formulation of individual decision-making is not completely rational, often also affected by the different scenarios and emotional factors. Sometimes people may make decisions only unconsciously or intuitively, rather than through a logical thought process. Therefore, this study explores the phenomenon of privacy paradox through dual-process theory. Defines those individuals will be influenced by two different systems when making decisions, and then understands the difference between the decision path used in the phenomenon of privacy paradox. In addition, cognitive neuroscience research methods have been widely used in recent years. By providing researchers with the most direct physiological information as a validation to understand the brain wave response of individual decision-making, which can be more objective in understanding the causes of this phenomenon. The results show that when a privacy paradox occurs, people are more inclined to take system one as the decision-making path. The alpha wave value in the EEG is higher than when no privacy paradox occurs. When no privacy paradox occurs, people are more inclined to take system two as the decision path. The beta wave value in the EEG is higher when the privacy paradox occurs. This means that when privacy paradox occurs during the decision-making process, people use intuitive thinking that causes personal privacy information exposure. On the contrary, when no privacy paradox occurs, people carefully evaluate the risk and benefits with logical thinking.

目錄
論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節　研究背景與動機 1
第二節　研究目的 4
第三節　研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節　隱私矛盾 6
第二節　隱私計算理論 8
第三節　雙系統理論 9
第四節　認知神經科學與腦電波圖 11
第三章 研究架構與方法 13
第一節 研究假說 13
第二節 實驗設計 16
第三節 實驗前測 18
第四節 實驗流程 22
第四章 研究分析結果 29
第一節　樣本結構描述 29
第二節　腦電波資料分析 30
第五章 結論與建議 41
第一節　研究結論 41
第二節　研究貢獻 43
第三節　研究限制與未來研究方向 45
參考資料 46
附錄一　材料篩選問卷 55
附錄二　APP變數平均值 64
附錄三　實驗說明與實驗同意書 67
附錄四　文字敘述題目情境 70
附錄五　APP下載情境 71

圖次
圖1-1 研究流程 5
圖3-1 實驗室環境示意圖 16
圖3-2 國際10-20腦波電極配置法 17
圖3-3 g.Nautilus Reasearch儀器 17
圖3-4 APP篩選示意圖 19
圖3-5 文字敘述題目情境（修改前） 23
圖3-6 正式實驗流程 24
圖3-7 實驗情境樹狀圖 25
圖3-8 文字敘述題目情境流程圖 25
圖3-9 文字調查情境（修改後） 26
圖3-10 APP下載情境流程圖 27
圖3-11 APP下載情境(AH)示意圖 28
圖3-12 APP下載情境(AL)示意圖 28
圖4-1 分析流程圖 31
圖4-2 腦電波圖示意圖 31

表次
表2-1 認知神經科學文獻中常見的實驗工具 11
表2-2 腦波頻率 12
表3-1 實驗工具之腦波界定 18
表3-2 隱私項目列表 20
表3-3 APP與個人隱私資訊搭配列表 20
表3-4 前測題項描述 21
表3-5 APP下載情境概況 22
表3-6 APP下載情境題項 27
表4-1 本研究樣本之個人基本資料統計表 30
表4-2 不同情境之α波反應統計表 32
表4-3 不同情境之β波反應統計表 32
表4-4 情境與個人資訊請求之α波反應統計表 33
表4-5 情境與個人資訊請求之β波反應統計表 33
表4-6 APP情境下隱私提供意願的α波反應 34
表4-7 APP情境下隱私提供意願的β波反應 34
表4-8 隱私矛盾發生時之α波反應 35
表4-9 有隱私矛盾之腦波假說與驗證結果 35
表4-10 隱私矛盾發生時之β波反應 36
表4-12 隱私資訊提供意願之假說與驗證結果 36
表4-13 不同情境個人隱私資訊提供意願統計表 37
表4-14 隱私資訊要求與腦波之敘述統計 37
表4-15 隱私資訊要求與腦波之變異數分析 38
表4-16 隱私資訊之腦波假說與驗證結果 38
表4-17 事後檢定：隱私資訊要求與腦波 39

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