擁有廣泛公共交通系統的人口稠密的大城市往往在軌道交通乘客中佔有更大比例的情形。儘管這些城市的地鐵系統通常比其他地區擁有更多的客流量，有一些交通網絡在同一城市的不同地區仍擁有極大的變異性。本研究利用大眾運輸導向型發展 (TOD) 的“5Ds 模型” 來分析鄰近地區人口與城市規劃相關特徵對該地區特定車站乘客量的影響。以車站中心外推半徑600公尺的行人聚集區 (PCA)，稱為“鄰近地區”，是測量建築環境變化性時應用的標準。台灣高雄都會區分為三個同心環，捷運站根據其相對於市中心的距離進行相應分配。與設計相關的變量，特別是十字路口的數量、人行道總面積和共享單車停靠點的數量，皆為預測高雄捷運各站乘客量的有力指標。交通距離，有時被稱為多式聯運，被認為是高雄市中心和周邊地區乘客量的決定性因素。土地利用多樣性，也稱為土地利用混合/熵，對於城市的中部和外圍地區很重要。車站的可達性在中心和外環很重要，而住宅密度僅在高雄外環地區具有重要性。規劃的特徵取決於它們與市中心的相對位置。該研究最後根據研究結果為城市規劃者提供了寶貴的見解。最後，建議在進一步研究中增加其他變.

Large densely populated cities with comprehensive public transportation systems tend to have a greater modal share of rail-based transit ridership. Even though the metro systems of these cities often possess more ridership than other areas, some transit networks experience great variability in different parts of the same city. This study analyzes the effects of neighborhood characteristics on station specific ridership by using the “5Ds model” of transit-oriented development (TOD). A pedestrian catchment area (PCA) of 600 m from a station’s center, referred to as a ‘neighborhood’, is the specification applied when measuring variables of the built environment. The metropolitan area of Kaohsiung, Taiwan is split into three concentric rings, and metro stations are assigned accordingly based on their distance relative to the city center. Design related variables, specifically the number of intersections, total sidewalk area, and number of bikeshare stops are especially strong predictors of station-level ridership for the Kaohsiung metro. Distance to transit, sometimes referred to as inter-modal connectivity, is observed to be a determinant factor of ridership in the city center and periphery of Kaohsiung. Land use diversity, also referred to as land-use mixture/entropy, is important in the intermediate and peripheral parts of the city. The accessibility of a station is important in the center and peripheral rings, while residential density is only significant in the peripheral ring of Kaohsiung. The features of the built environment depend on their relative location to the city center. The study concludes by offering valuable insights to urban planners based on the findings. Finally, additional variables are suggested for implementation in further studies.

Table of Contents
Thesis Validation Letter .......................................................................i
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................ii
Chinese Abstract ................................................................................iii
English Abstract ............................................................................... iv
Table of Contents ...............................................................................v
List of Figures and Tables ....................................................................vi
List of Abbreviations ......................................................................... vii
Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................1
Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework ......................................................6
2.1 : Isolated state model ............................................................7
2.2 : Monocentric model .............................................................8
2.3 : 3Ds and 5Ds of TOD ...........................................................9
Chapter 3: Literature Review ........................................................ ...13
3.1 : TOD Typologies................................................................13
3.2 : Selection of Variables ..........................................................16
3.3 : Dependent Variables ...................................................................17
Chapter 4: Methodology and Hypotheses .............................................27
4.1 : Hypotheses statements .........................................................29
4.2 : Variable Selection ..............................................................30
Chapter 5: Study Area ....................................................................36
Chapter 6: Results ........................................................................ 48
Chapter 7: Conclusions ...................................................................56
Chapter 8: Limitations and Implications................................................60
References ..................................................................................65
Appendixes .................................................................................69
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: HSR Annual Ridership from 2007-2019.............................................4
Figure 2-1: von Thünen’s “isolated state model” ................................................ 7
Figure 2-2 : Alonso’s “monocentric model” ...................................................... 8
Figure 2-3 : Robert Cervero’s “3Ds” and “5Ds” of TOD ....................................... 9
Figure 5-1 : Kaohsiung Transportation Systems (ArcGIS) .................................... 37
Figure 5-2 : Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit Map (MRT, TRA, and LRT stations)......... 38
Figure 5-3 : Proposed Yellow Line Project ....................................................... 40
Figure 5-4 : Descriptive statistics of the entropy measurement for Kaohsiung .............. 42
Figure 5-5: Annual ridership figures for Kaohsiung MRT network ...........................43
Figure 5-6 : Annual ridership for the Kaohsiung, Taipei, and Taoyuan MRT ............... 44
Figure 5-7 : Kaohsiung and Taipei MRT Maps ...................................................45
Figure 6-1 : Regression analysis results for Center, Intermediate, and Peripheral Ring.....51
Figure 6-2 : Descriptive statistics for the significant variables in the center ring ............52
Figure 6-3 : Descriptive statistics for the significant variables in the intermediate ring.....52
Figure 6-4 : Descriptive statistics for the significant variables in the peripheral ring .......53
List of Tables
Table 4-1: Public Attraction(s) of MRT stations .................................................33
Table 8-1 : Collinearity Heatmap for Variables ...........................................61

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