本文由家族鑲嵌觀點 (family embeddedness perspective)及社會性代理理論 (social theory of agency)探討家族結構(family structure)與家族涉入 (family involvement)集團程度對家族集團分子企業數的影響。過去針對家族集團此一研究主體的討論，缺乏探討家族結構是否及如何影響集團形成的可能論述; 此外，少數相關研究雖涉及部分家族特徵對集團結構與績效的影響，卻缺乏合適的理論基礎發展相對應的實證策略。本研究以台灣年度百大集團中家族集團為對象，透過1999-2010年的縱橫資料分析，蒐集各集團相對應之企業家族 (business family)家族層次及集團與分子企業層次之資料，具體描繪家族特徵與家族涉入對集團的影響。同時藉由創辦人年齡與家族財富之代理變項作為工具變數，以兩階段最小平方法對過去研究提出之家族變數內生性問題做出補充。

研究結果顯示，當創辦人家族成員越多、創辦人家庭第一胎為長子，或家族涉入集團程度越高時，越有利於集團分子企業家數擴張。然，創辦人除法定配偶外，具備其他伴侶或創辦人兒子成家人數則未對集團分子企業家數擴張造成顯著影響。研究結果對於延伸家族鑲嵌觀點與社會代理理論在家族集團的討論，具有理論與實務上之意義與價值。

Incorporate family embeddedness perspective and social theory of agency, this dissertation explores the influence of family structure and family involvement on the business group size in terms of affiliate number. Few extant research investigated the effect of family structure on group outcome; besides, the lack of appropriate theoretical lens resulted in the insufficient arguments in developing corresponding empirical strategy.

With the database of family business groups from the top 100 Taiwanese business groups from year 1999 to 2010, this dissertation combines the data across three level, family, group, and firm level of affiliate, thus be able to depict the multiple family characteristics of Taiwanese family business group and see how the family involvement in business affects the dominant variable in organization study, the organize emergence. Additionally, the problem of endogeneity from family characteristics is tacked with two instrumental variables of founder age and family wealth.

The research findings show that family size (total family members of founder’s family) and first-born son of the founder contribute to a larger group size in terms of affiliate number. However, the multiple wives of founder and the married son number show no significant effect on group size. Besides, higher family involvement in terms of shareholding and management also leads to a larger group size.

Table of Content
Approval……………….…………………………………………………………. i
Acknowledgements….……………………………………………………………ii
Abstract (Chinese)….…….………………………………………………………iii
Abstract (English)….……………………………………………………………. iv
Table of Content…………………………………………………………………...v
List of Figures………………………………………………………………...…. vii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………...vii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1-1 Research Question 5
1-2 Scope and context of this dissertation 9
1-3 Brief Historical Background of Taiwanese Family Group 11
Chapter 2 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 15
2-1 Market-based perspective and external conditions 16
2-2 The Control Mechanisms- Agency theory 19
2-3 Relational perspectives- Social context and ties in family group 20
2-4 The interplay of family and business in family business group 23
2-5 Revisit the family in BG- family embeddedness perspective and social theory of agency 26
2-6 Hypothesis development- Family transition in new venture outcomes 28
2-7 Hypothesis development- Family involvement and Family resource in new venture outcomes 34
2-8 Hypothesis development- Family norms in new venture outcomes 38
Chapter 3. Methodology 40
3-1 Data Source and Collection 40
3-2 Family Data 42
3-3 Group and Firm Data 43
3-4 Match Family Data with Group and Firm Data 44
3-5 Variable 44
3-6 Control for Endogeneity 48
Chapter 4. Panel Regression Analysis and Result 51
4-1 Data Description 51
4-2 Family Characteristics 51
4-3 Business Group Characteristics 54
4-4 Regression Model and Results 55
Chapter 5. Discussion and Conclusion 63
5-1 Discussion 63
5-2 Contribution and Implication 66
5-3 Limitations and Future research directions 68
Reference 71

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