企業期望組成團隊能為組織帶來效益，但有許多研究證實團隊可能也會為組織帶來不好的影響，以往研究發現個人在團體行動時付出的努力，會比單獨行動時還要少，此行為叫做「社會賦閒」，社會賦閒會對團隊績效帶來負面影響。研究也發現當個人在團隊中發現有成員減少努力時，會採取不同的回應方式，個人會因為不公平的感受，而以摸魚效應的方式回應，但個人也會因任務重要性，反而做出社會補償的行為。本研究將引用情感事件理論，來探討知覺賦閒後所產生的負向情感是否能夠解釋摸魚效應與社會補償的行為，故以負向情感作為中介變項。同時，因為動機為個人展開行動的原因，而利社會動機是指個人渴望對他人有利益的事情付出努力，是影響團隊行為的重要因素，故本研究納入利社會動機為調節變項，並探討愉悅型/壓力型利社會動機分別對負向情感、社會補償與摸魚效應的調節效果。
本研究以在團隊中工作的在職員工為研究對象，使用便利抽樣方法回收了291份的有效問卷。研究結果發現：一、知覺賦閒與負向情感有顯著正相關；二、負向情感不會中介知覺賦閒與摸魚效應/社會補償的關係；三、愉悅型/壓力型利社會動機會顯著調節負向情感與摸魚效應的關係；四、愉悅型/壓力型利社會動機不會調節負向情感與社會補償的關係。本研究也依據研究結果，提出實務管理意涵與未來之研究議題。

Enterprises expect that team can bring benefits to the organization, but many studies have confirmed that team may also have a negative impact on the organization. Previous studies have found that individuals will put less effort when they act in groups than when they act alone. This behavior is called "social loafing" which can negatively affect team performance. Research has also found that individuals respond differently when they see team members reducing effort. Individuals will respond in the form of sucker effect because of their feelings of unfairness, but other individuals will also make social compensation behaviors because of the importance of the task. This study will use Affective Event Theory to explore whether negative affect can explain the sucker effect and social compensation. This study use negative affect as a mediating variable. Motivation is an important reason for individual actions, while prosocial motivation refers to an individual's desire to make efforts for things that are beneficial to others, and is an important factor affecting team behavior. Therefore, this study included prosocial motivation as a moderating variable to explore the moderating effects of pleasure-based/pressure- based social motivation on negative affect, social compensation and sucker effect, respectively.
The research participants in the study were comprised 291 office workers who work in the team. The findings are as follows: (1) perceived loafing had a significant positive correlation with negative affect; (2) negative affect did not mediate the relationship between perceived loafing and sucker effect/social compensation; (3) pleasure-based/pleasure-based prosocial motivation significantly moderate the relationship between negative affect and sucker effect; (4) pleasure-based/pleasure-based prosocial motivation did not moderate the relationship between negative affect and social compensation. Based on the findings, the study provided some practical suggestions and future research directions.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 v
圖 次 vii
表 次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 知覺賦閒與負向情感的關係 5
第二節 負向情感與摸魚效應及社會補償的關係 8
第三節 負向情感會中介知覺賦閒與摸魚效應及社會補償關係 10
第四節 利社會動機會調節負向情感與摸魚效應及社會補償的關係 11
第三章 研究方法 14
第一節 研究假設及研究架構 14
第二節 研究樣本 16
第三節 研究工具 18
第四節 共同方法變異之檢驗以及事前處理程序 25
第五節 資料處理與分析 27
第四章 研究結果 29
第一節 各變項的現況分析 29
第二節 各變項在人口資料上的差異分析 31
第三節 各變項之相關分析 37
第四節 負向情感對知覺賦閒、摸魚效應與社會補償的中介效果 39
第五節 利社會動機對負向情感、摸魚效應、社會補償的調節效果 42
第六節 調節式間接效果 45
第五章 結論與建議 48
第一節 研究結論 48
第二節 管理實務意涵 51
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 53
參考文獻 54
附錄 研究問卷 58

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