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博碩士論文 etd-0816122-105408 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0816122-105408
論文名稱
Title
「教你做個男子漢」:臺灣饒舌音樂MV建構的陽剛特質
Teaching you how to be a real man:Masculinities constructed in Taiwan’s hip-hop music videos
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
87
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2022-07-19
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2022-09-16
關鍵字
Keywords
陽剛特質、嘻哈文化、饒舌音樂、論述分析、真實性
Masculinity, Hip-hop culture, Rap music, Discourse analysis, Authenticity
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 180 次,被下載 18
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 180 times, has been downloaded 18 times.
中文摘要
音樂是實踐在每日生活的藝術,也是日常所使用的一種語言。文化的中心是語言,一個文化對於意義的建構、實踐,主要是透過語言不停的交換。嘻哈(hip-hop)文化中的饒舌音樂(rap music),是現在全世界最受歡迎的音樂類型,將饒舌音樂做為嘻哈文化中的語言,其文本對於意義的再現,會和閱聽人互動、彼此影響,隨著饒舌音樂的流行性增加,受到影響的人數也跟著增加。
陽剛特質是饒舌音樂的主要命題,真實性(authenticity)則是饒舌音樂中陽剛特質的核心,饒舌歌手有沒有保持真實(keep it real),更是嘻哈文化中的成員重視的。MV(Music Video)是一個充滿符號的文本。現今人們接受音樂資訊的主要來源,是影音平台YouTube,MV也是該平台常見的音樂形式之一,因此本研究將以YouTube上的臺灣饒舌音樂MV,做為主要的分析對象。
綜上所述,本研究提出兩個問題:(一)臺灣饒舌音樂的MV文本中,再現了何種的陽剛特質?臺灣饒舌音樂的文本中的符號如何連結、建構出如此的陽剛特質?(二)在MV文本所建構的陽剛特質中,「真實性」如何被展現?文本中的符號如何連結、建構出如此的陽剛特質?
本研究的樣本選取是根據參考我國KKBOX排行榜和金音獎的音樂類型分類,選取近五年最受歡迎和最受專業肯定的嘻哈類型歌曲,再以這些歌曲的MV於YouTube上的觀看次數多寡做為選取原則,做為樣本抽選的方式。在KKBOX和金音獎的來源,原先分別抽取5支MV,但為了避免樣本重複性太高,移除了一首同樣表演者的MV,一共抽取9支MV。再加上本研究為增加不同地區和階級的討論,以及根據Lin(2019)提到的臺灣饒舌音樂「學院派」的特色分支,再立意抽樣的2首歌曲,一共抽取11支MV。本研究針對取樣的11首饒舌音樂MV,在YouTube論域中和陽剛特質相關的文本和符碼,進行批判論述分析。檢視不同文本間如何建構意義,並著重在論述如何建構、維繫不平等的權力關係,且對其提出批判。挑戰原先被認為習以為常、被視為必然的事實和價值觀。
本研究發現臺灣饒舌音樂中的陽剛特質,如同Schweig(2016)所言,是扣緊「保持真實」(keep it real)的。在確認一個饒舌歌手具備怎麼樣的陽剛特質前,必須要先確立該饒舌歌手是有“keep it real”的。而臺灣的饒舌歌手呈現真實性主要有三個途徑:對於情感有明確的表達、能夠產出高品質的饒舌歌曲以及使用美國嘻哈文化的相關符號。
在具備真實性的前提下,本研究發現五種臺灣嘻哈文化再現的陽剛特質,分別是:又文又武的饒舌歌手、真摯情感的饒舌歌手、有毒的饒舌歌手、照顧兄弟的饒舌歌手和有錢的饒舌歌手。首先,又文又武的饒舌歌手,在饒舌音樂中編排歌詞編排和展現押韻技巧,呈現一種特殊的陽剛特質。其次,真摯情感的饒舌歌手透過真摯的情感和文字,呈現被認為是脆弱、不為人知的面向。第三種有毒的饒舌歌手,透過有害的行為跟特質,再製父系霸權和男性的支配性地位。第四種照顧兄弟的饒舌歌手強調僅限於男性之間的同性情誼,並透過不同儀式強化這樣的關係。第五種有錢的饒舌歌手,受到資本主義霸權的影響,彰顯饒舌歌手的相關經濟資本。
有趣的是,本研究發現有一種新型態處在霸權型陽剛特質權力位置上的「中性男」陽剛特質。「中性男」陽剛特質,要求男性需要具備接近「文武雙全」的特性。要能駕馭文字、直接表達自身情感的能力,或是具有很「真實」的形象。另外,需具有一定程度的侵略性,但得拿捏在不會過於有害的位置,避免成為共謀型的「有毒的陽剛特質」。上述的權力關係具有階級性,新型的霸權型中性男陽剛特質,屬於中產階級,具有一定的教育程度和經濟能力,同時避免太暴力而成為中下階級的、共謀型的形象。
陽剛特質是不斷的流動跟改變,隨著時間隨時都有可能出現巨大的差異,本研究嘗試紀錄近代的臺灣饒舌音樂中陽剛特質的樣貌,並梳理其中新型態的權力關係,發現新時代霸權型的「中性男」陽剛特質。但本研究的時間和能力有限,僅能進行近五年共11首mv的文本分析,如果要對臺灣饒舌音樂的陽剛特質有更詳細、全面的討論,需要更多元的樣本,才能有更豐富、完整的討論。未來如有興趣進行相關研究的研究者,關於嘻哈文化參與者以及饒舌音樂樂迷的文化研究,閱聽人是如何對嘻哈文化的不同文本進行解讀和解碼?都值得更深入的討論。
Abstract
Music is our daily language. Language is the center of culture. Culture constructs meanings by exchanging language constantly. Rap music of the hip-hop culture is now the most popular music genre of the world. Take rap music as the language of hip-hop culture, its representations of meanings interact with the audience and influence each other. With rap music gaining popularity, it becomes more and more influential.
Masculinity is one of the most important topics in rap music. Authenticity is the core of masculinity in hip-hop culture. Hip-hop culture values whether the rapper is “keeping it real” or not. Music video is a text that contains lots of signs. This study takes Taiwan rap music videos on YouTube as the research subject, because YouTube is the most important channel that people enjoy music on.
This study has two research questions: 1. What kinds of masculinities do the Taiwan rap music videos represent? How do the signs in the texts enact with each other and construct these kinds of masculinities? 2. How does “authenticity” be represented in the masculinities constructed in music videos? How do the signs in the texts connect and construct these masculinities?
This study chose KKBOX and GIMA in Taiwan as the sources of the research subjects. This research sampled eleven music videos as the research subject and used critical discourse analysis as the research methods. Critical discourse analysis allows researchers to analyze the unequal power relations between texts and discourses, and criticize the unbalanced phenomenon.
As Schweig (2016) said, masculinities in Taiwan hip-hop music are highly related to the concept of “keep it real”. Before discussing what kind of masculinities, the rappers possess, rappers have to be considered “real”. Rappers in Taiwan usually present a “real” image in three ways: expressing feelings directly, producing great hip-hop music, and showing American hip-hop related signs.
Under the premise of being “real”, this study finds out that there are five kinds of masculinities in Taiwan hip-hop culture. These five kinds of masculinities are: rappers with “wen” and “wu”, the “real” rappers, toxic rappers, brotherly love rappers and rich rappers. Rappers with “wen” and “wu” present a special masculinity by writing clever lyrics with rhymes. The “real” rappers use direct words to present their inner and vulnerable self. Toxic rappers reinforce the patriarchal hegemony by harmful behavior. Brotherly love rappers emphasize the male-only brotherhood. Under the influence of capitalism, rich rappers present the image of being wealthy.
In conclusion, there is a new type of hegemonic masculinity, called “the neutral man”. This kind of masculinity requests people to be “wen” and “wu”, or have a “real” image. In addition, “the neutral man” needs to avoid being too violent, and prevent themselves from falling into the position of complicit masculinity.
Masculinities are in constant changes, vary with time. This study tried to document the modern masculinities of Taiwan’s rap music, and find out that there is a new kind of hegemonic masculinity, called “the neutral man”. But this study has its limits, due to the limitation of time and researcher’s personal ability. This study can only analyze eleven music videos. In order to have a more thorough discussion about masculinities of Taiwan’s rap music, researchers should include more diverse samples. The researcher of this study is a heterosexual male who grow up in a middle-class family. This kind of background might have some blind spot while doing the analysis. For the researchers who are interested in the same field of study, culture studies about fans and participants in the hip-hop culture might be worthy of some interesting and valuable discussions.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract vi
目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
一、音樂、語言與文化 1
二、嘻哈和陽剛特質 3
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 8
第二章 文獻回顧 10
第一節 音樂與社會 10
第二節 陽剛特質 13
第三節 嘻哈文化與陽剛特質 21
第三章 研究方法 31
第一節 抽樣 32
第二節 論述分析 36
第四章 論述分析結果 39
一、又文又武的饒舌歌手 42
二、真摯情感的饒舌歌手 48
三、有毒的饒舌歌手 52
四、照顧兄弟的饒舌歌手 55
五、有錢的饒舌歌手 59
第五章 結論 61
第一節 臺灣饒舌音樂的陽剛特質 61
第二節 研究限制與建議 66
參考文獻 68
一、中文文獻 68
二、英文文獻 71

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