本研究以努力-恢復模型與工作-家庭資源模型分別做為研究一與研究二的背景理論，用以整合員工經歷工作日造成不同面向的資源耗損(體能、認知與情緒資源耗損)，透過下班後自身所知覺的恢復需求，進而選擇從事不同的休閒活動(低努力、體能與社交活動)作為恢復自身資源的途徑，並且進一步探討外向性人格特質，是否會干擾恢復需求與下班後休閒活動的關係。其次，當員工從事下班後休閒活動能有效促進隔日的工作敬業狀態，進而提升主動行為的產生並且探討員工的工作-休閒衝突是否會干擾下班後休閒活動與隔日工作敬業之關係。為了驗證本研究所提出之假設，將分別以兩個研究驗證之。在研究一，本研究以經驗抽樣法進行連續十天來自84位全職員工總共782有效的配對樣本，從多層次路徑分析的分析結果發現：(1)情緒資源耗竭會提高恢復需求；(2) 恢復需求提高，則會在下班後從事低努力活動與體能活動、(3)外向性會強化恢復需求與下班後從事低努力活動、體能活動之間的關係。而在研究二，也以經驗抽樣法進行連續十天來自54位全職員工合計649有效的配對樣本，以多層次路徑分析進行分析，從結果發現：(1)下班後從事社交活動與體能活動能幫助個體提升工作敬業，進而提升主動行為、(2)工作-休閒衝突越高時，會增強下班後體能活動與工作敬業之間的正向關係。最後本研究也分別針對理論貢獻與實務管理意涵討論之。

Drawing on the effort-recovery and work-home resources model, this study examines the relationship between employees’ different types of resource depletion (physical, cognitive/mental, and emotional) and off-job activity(low-effort, physical and social activity), while simultaneously exploring the mediating role of a need for recovery and the moderating effects of extraversion. Additionally, this research further examines the relationship between off-job activity and subsequent proactive behavior while exploring the mediating role of work engagement and the moderating effects had by work-leisure conflicts. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. An experience sampling method was used for data collection in both studies. In study 1, a total of 782 daily surveys were collected from 84 full-time general industry employees across 10 working days. We tested our hypotheses with the multi-level path analysis implemented in Mplus. The results were as follows: (1) daily emotional resources depletion increased the daily need for recovery; (2) employees who had an increased daily need for recovery were able to engage in more low-effort activities and physical activities; and (3) employees with high extraversion were able to strengthen the positive relationships between the need for recovery, low-effort activity and physical activity. In study 2, we collected the responses from 649 daily surveys of 54 full-time general industry employees across 10 working days. The results showed that: (1) social and physical activities increased the work engagement, which led the employees to engage in more proactive behaviors; and (2) Unexpectedly, high levels of work–leisure conflict can enhance the positive effects of physical activity on their work engagement.

論文審定書 ....................................................................................................................... i
誌 謝 .............................................................................................................................. ii
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iv
目 錄 .............................................................................................................................. v
圖 次 ............................................................................................................................ vii
表 次 ........................................................................................................................... viii
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................... 1
第一節 研究背景及缺口 ............................................................................................. 1
第二節 研究貢獻 ......................................................................................................... 6
第二章 文獻回顧與假設 ............................................................................................... 11
第一節 下班後活動之內涵與相關研究 .................................................................... 11
第二節 每日資源耗竭與其恢復需求之關聯性：努力恢復模式的觀點 ............... 13
第三節 下班後從事休閒活動的動機與必要性的干擾效果 ................................... 18
第四節 每日下班後活動與隔日主動行為的關係：隔日工作敬業的中介效果 ... 21
第五節 下班後從事休閒活動的機會的干擾效果 ................................................... 25
第三章 研究一研究方法 .............................................................................................. 28
第一節 研究施測程序 ............................................................................................... 28
第二節 研究工具 ....................................................................................................... 29
第三節 資料分析方式 ............................................................................................... 32
第四章 研究一研究結果 .............................................................................................. 34
第一節 主要變數敘述統計分析 ............................................................................... 34
第二節 驗證性因素分析 ........................................................................................... 35
第三節 假設檢定 ....................................................................................................... 35
第三節 研究一之結果討論 ....................................................................................... 39
第五章 研究二研究方法 .............................................................................................. 41
第一節 研究施測程序 ............................................................................................... 41
第二節 研究工具 ....................................................................................................... 42
第三節 資料分析方式 ............................................................................................... 44
第六章 研究二研究結果 .............................................................................................. 45
第一節 主要變數敘述統計分析 ............................................................................... 45
第二節 驗證性因素分析 ........................................................................................... 45
第三節 假設檢定 ....................................................................................................... 46
第七章 討論與建議 ...................................................................................................... 50
第一節 研究發現 ....................................................................................................... 50
第二節 管理意涵 ....................................................................................................... 55
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 ........................................................................... 57
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................................ 60
附錄 ................................................................................................................................ 74
研究一：問卷 ............................................................................................................ 74
研究一：個人資料問卷 ............................................................................................ 75
研究一：每日問卷 .................................................................................................... 77
研究二：問卷 ............................................................................................................ 79
研究二：個人資料問卷 ............................................................................................ 80
研究二：每日問卷 .................................................................................................... 82

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