隨著環境日趨複雜，公部門創新之重要性日益增加，然創新過程涉及控制、彈性取捨的兩難，組織雙元性認為組織可以同時具備探索及應用能力來加以因應，而情境雙元性就是達成組織雙元性的一項途徑。
公立博物館組織層級少、業務性質相對重視創新，卻面臨體制壓力及有限的政府財政經費挹注，具雙元性組織特色，情境雙元性工作氛圍的型塑更顯重要。相關文獻指出，領導行為對個人創新行為具重要影響，然影響兩者間屬於組織層次中介變項較少被討論。此外，組織系統、資源特性亦是促成策略目標達成的重要因素，是否會在領導行為、情境雙元性和個人創新行為間產生影響亦缺乏相關研究。
本研究透過跨層次分析結果顯示，轉換型領導會對個人創新行為有正向影響；情境雙元性會在轉換型領導和個人創新行為間產生中介效果；組織系統正式化、資源相依性會在情境雙元性和個人創新行為間發生調節效果，且當組織系統正式化程度越高、資源相依性越高，皆會使情境雙元性對個人創新行為的正向影響愈弱。最後，本研究提出管理意涵、理論貢獻、研究限制及建議。

Public sector innovation has become more important than ever with the increasing complexity of the environment; yet, the choice between control and flexibility in the innovation process poses a dilemma. Organizational ambidexterity asserts that organizations possess the ability to respond by exploring and exploiting simultaneously, while contextual ambidexterity is a means to achieve organizational ambidexterity.
Public museums have a relatively flat organization structure and emphasize more on innovation, although they face institutional pressures and receive limited government funding. As public museums possess organizational ambidexterity characteristics, it is even more vital to cultivate a work atmosphere of contextual ambidexterity.Related studies have argued that leadership behavior has an important effect on innovative behavior; however, studies have rarely discussed the mediators affecting the relationship between the two at the organizational level. Moreover, organization systems and resource characteristics are also important factors that promote the achievement of strategic goals; yet, studies on whether these factors affect leadership behavior, contextual ambidexterity, and innovative behavior are few and far between.
According to the results of cross-level analysis conducted in this study, transformational leadership has a positive effect on innovative behavior, while contextual ambidexterity has a mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative behavior. Meanwhile, organization systems (formalization) and resource characteristics (resource dependence) in organizational systems have a moderating effect on the relationship between contextual ambidexterity and innovative behavior, where the higher is the degree of formalization and resource dependence in organizational systems, the weaker is the positive effect of contextual ambidexterity on innovative behavior. Finally, this study provides managerial implications, theoretical contributions, suggestions, as well as research limitations.

論文審定書 i
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 轉換型領導 7
第二節 個人創新行為 10
第三節 情境雙元性 11
第四節 中介效果 21
第五節 調節效果 24
第三章 研究方法 29
第一節 研究架構 29
第二節 研究變數之操作型定義及衡量 30
第三節 資料收集方式 36
第四節 測量變數概況分析 37
第四章 研究結果與討論 43
第一節 構面信度及效度分析 43
第二節 模型估計 46
第三節 中介效果及調節效果分析 49
第五章 結論及建議 57
第一節 研究結論、管理意涵與理論貢獻 57
第二節 建議 60
第三節 研究限制及未來研究建議 62
參考文獻 65

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