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博碩士論文 etd-0031124-012709 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0031124-012709
論文名稱
Title
公部門中階主管職家衝突之經驗與平衡策略探討:以高雄市政府為例
Discussion on Experiences and Balancing Strategies of Mid-Level Managers’ Family Conflicts in the Public Sector: Take the Kaohsiung City Government for Example
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
99
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2024-01-10
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2024-01-31
關鍵字
Keywords
職家衝突、工作生活平衡、性別與管理、公務人力資源管理、性別化組織
Work-Family Conflict, Work-Life Balance, Gender and Management, Public Human Resource Management, Gendered Organizations
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 149 次,被下載 18
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 149 times, has been downloaded 18 times.
中文摘要
近年社會結構改變、雙薪家庭現象普遍,對許多公務人員而言,來自工作與家庭身分的雙重要求,往往會形成職家衝突。研究者認為過去對於公部門職家衝突研究之探討對象多為業務性質特殊或輪班機制者,惟實際上一般行政機關人員面對多重壓力也不容小覷,尤其中階主管人員,相較於高階主管與基層承辦人員而言為承上啟下重要角色,常面臨夾心餅乾的處境。
本研究為瞭解一般行政機關中階主管工作與家庭相互影響之感受與經驗,以及後續是否影響其職涯規劃,並探討職家壓力因應策略及對組織制度需求,爰透過質化研究途徑,以深度訪談為主,選擇高雄市政府所屬公務人員為研究標的,除研究對象易接近性外,也因高雄市政府近幾年政治首長短時間內快速替換,政策方向變動劇烈,使主管級公務人員壓力倍增,如何建立符合其需求之友善職場文化尤其重要。訪談對象設定為中階主管中已婚育有小孩者,因機關數眾多,以男性比例偏高、女性比例偏高及男女性比例大致相當之局處中各挑選一代表性機關尋求受訪人員,每一機關原則上受訪人數1至2位。
研究結果發現,造成中階主管職家衝突最直接的因素來自於工作壓力,因為主管職務屬於責任制,即使下班回到家仍須處理公務,無法與家人好好相處。另外家庭因素引起的職家衝突,例如家中有年幼孩童、長輩需照顧等壓力情境,也會影響主管對工作的專注力與表現。而職家衝突對於生涯規劃之影響取決於個人能否解決衝突情境,以及是否有足夠資源因應。隨著升任主管後,不斷學習協調工作與家庭間之關係,加上各方面資源的挹注,會越來越有經驗跟餘力去維繫兩者平衡,對未來再持續升遷的影響也越小,因此職家衝突往往在擔任基層主管時感受會是最深刻。而中階主管們面對衝突時會採取之因應策略例如機動分配工作與家庭時間、提高個人工作效率把工作處理完成、透過家庭支持系統分擔家務、向組織尋求協助、轉換職場環境或辭職等,以獲得職家衝突緩解。
對行政機關而言,中階主管們面臨職家衝突壓力會影響其工作情緒與工作表現並進而影響機關業務推展,因此組織應主動關懷、回應需求,本研究提出以下建議供作政策規劃之參考:(一)重視內部單位工作分配之衡平性。(二)重視公務經驗傳承,落實代理人制度。(三)重新盤點政策需要,充實公務人力與經費。(四)管控政府機關使用3C產品時間,使員工能專注於家庭時間。(五)推動友善職場措施,營造健康良好公務環境。
Abstract
In recent years, societal structures have undergone changes, and the prevalence of dual-income families has become common. For many public servants, the dual demands arising from their roles in both work and family often lead to work-family conflicts. The researcher observes that previous studies on work-family conflicts in the public sector have mainly focused on those with specialized job functions or shift-based schedules. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that employees in general administrative agencies face multiple pressures, particularly mid-level managers who, compared to top-level executives and frontline staff, play a pivotal role and often find themselves in a challenging position.
This study aims to understand the experiences and impacts of the interaction between work and family among mid-level managers in general administrative agencies. Additionally, it explores whether these experiences influence their career planning and delves into strategies for coping with work-family stress and their demands on organizational systems. Employing a qualitative research approach with in-depth interviews as the primary method, the study focuses on public servants affiliated with the Kaohsiung City Government. The choice is based on both accessibility and the significant turnover of political leaders in recent years, leading to increased pressure on managerial-level public servants. Establishing a workplace culture that caters to their needs is deemed crucial. The interviewees are specifically selected as married mid-level managers with children. Given the diversity of agencies, one representative agency with a balanced gender ratio is selected from departments with varying proportions, with a general guideline of interviewing two individuals from each agency.
The research findings highlight that the primary factor contributing to work-family conflict among mid-level managers is work pressure. Due to the nature of managerial responsibilities, which lack strict working hours, managers often find themselves dealing with work tasks even after regular working hours, preventing them from spending quality time with their families. Family-related factors contributing to work-family conflict, such as having young children or caring for elderly family members, also impact the focus and performance of managers at work. The impact of work-family conflict on career planning depends on an individual's ability to resolve conflict situations and the availability of sufficient resources. As managers progress in their careers, continuous learning in balancing work and family relationships, coupled with resources from various aspects, enables them to maintain a balance and reduces the impact of work-family conflict on future career advancement. Therefore, the experience of work-family conflict is often most profound when managers serve in frontline supervisory roles.
The research identifies diverse coping strategies employed by male and female mid-level managers to address conflict situations. Strategies include flexible allocation of work and family time, enhancing personal work efficiency to complete tasks, leveraging family support systems to share household responsibilities, advocating for understanding and support from the organization, and considering changing workplace environments or resigning to alleviate work-family conflict.
For government agencies, mid-level managers experiencing work-family conflict can impact their emotional well-being, job performance, and subsequently affect the agency's business development. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to proactively care for and respond to the needs of mid-level managers. The study proposes the following recommendations for policy planning: (1) Emphasize fairness in internal unit work assignments. (2) Prioritize the transfer of public service experience and implement a proxy system. (3) Reassess policy needs and enhance human resources and funding for public servants. (4) Manage the use of electronic devices during non-working hours to enable employees to focus on family time. (5) Promote measures for a friendly workplace to create a healthy and positive public service environment.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 ix
第一章 研究動機與目的 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 5
第二章 文獻回顧探討 7
第一節 職家衝突的意涵 7
第二節 職家衝突之前因與態樣 9
第三節 因應職家衝突的個人和組織策略 14
第四節 性別差異與工作職位對職家衝突的影響 17
第五節 小結 21
第三章 研究方法 25
第一節 研究途徑與資料搜集方法 25
第二節 研究對象及抽樣 26
第三節 研究工具 29
第四節 研究流程 31
第四章 研究發現 33
第一節 公部門中階主管職家衝突的感受與經驗 33
第二節 職家衝突下的工作表現、家庭關係與職涯規劃 49
第三節 面對職家衝突採取之個人平衡策略 56
第四節 組織對於中階主管職家衝突之態度 68
第五章 結論與建議 79
第一節 研究結論 79
第二節 對制度及政策面建議 83
第三節 研究限制、省思與後續研究建議 86
參考文獻 88

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