Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0105125-101558 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0105125-101558
論文名稱
Title
後女性主義文化下的女性身體形象:女性內衣廣告的符號學研究
The Female Body Images in Postfeminist Culture:A Semiotic Research on Women's Lingerie Advertisements
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
169
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2025-01-23
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2025-02-05
關鍵字
Keywords
女性身體形象、女性內衣廣告、後女性主義感知元素、符號學、性主體化
Female body image, Women’s lingerie advertisements, Postfeminist sensibility elements, Semiotics, Sexual subjectivity
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 129 次,被下載 7
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 129 times, has been downloaded 7 times.
中文摘要
後女性主義於1990年代末進入台灣社會,對在地的媒體文化帶來改變。在後女性主義文化的影響下,媒體對於女性身體形象展現高度關注,再現方式亦出現變化。如今媒體再現的女性身體形象逐漸展露更多主體意識,呈現出不同於傳統性物化女體的敘事方式。在新舊結構的交織中,廣告塑造出不一樣的理想化女性身體形象。
在這個背景之下,為了探討台灣媒體文化如何再現性化的女體,以及如何在女性的主體展現與性別刻板印象之間進行協商,本研究透過分析女性內衣廣告中再現的女性身體,試圖探尋後女性主義媒體文化下「理想女性身體形象」的建構過程與迷思。本研究提出三個研究問題:(一)後女性主義媒體文化下,當代內衣廣告具有哪些感知元素?(二)女性內衣廣告如何再現性化的女體?廣告如何透過性化的女體來建構自我認同?(三)內衣廣告如何包裝女性在積極的展示自我與強化性別刻板印象之間的矛盾?
本研究從最近10年(自2015年1月至2024年11月間)的女性內衣廣告進行抽樣。依據網路人氣排行榜篩選出6間內衣品牌,包括:華歌爾、莎薇、曼黛瑪璉、蕾黛絲、思薇爾、奧黛莉。接著,從這些品牌的YouTube官方頻道中,選取具有明顯性主體化特徵的女性內衣廣告作為研究對象,最終選出10則廣告樣本。
本研究運用符號學分析方法探討樣本廣告文本中所蘊含的符號意義,透過解析符號在明示義與隱含義上所傳達的意義,探查廣告所再現的女性身體形象如何連結後女性主義的感知元素。經由歸納與整合廣告文本的敘事結構、重複出現的感知元素符號,進一步探討廣告再現的理想女性身體形象,與其背後的敘事策略。
研究結果顯示,女性內衣廣告再現的女性身體形象,主要具有Gill(2007)提出的八種後女性主義感知元素的特徵,分別為:(一)將女性氣質作為一種身體屬性、(二)文化的性化、(三)由性物化至可慾的性主體轉變、(四)聚焦於個人主義、選擇與賦權、(五)強調自我監控與規訓、(六)自我改造典範、(七)性別差異的再確、(八)女性主義與反女性主義。這些特徵不僅揭示了後女性主義文化中女性形象的多重樣貌,也反映了當代內衣廣告如何運用這些元素符號建構理想化的女性身體。
本研究發現,當代的女性內衣廣告透過結合「性主體化」與「個人賦權」兩個主要的後女性主義文化特質,引導女性透過「性感技術」來塑造迷人的身體曲線,藉由穿著內衣商品展現自我性魅力,並從他人的關注與欣賞中獲得滿足與愉悅。廣告不僅強調女性擁有對身體的性自主權,還暗示了女性應將性感重塑為自信與自我愉悅的來源,使性化的女體不再只是物化的象徵,更成為個人身份與選擇的標誌,以此打造出具性吸引力的身體形象來建立自我認同。
女性內衣廣告再現中,女性既被鼓勵成為自信、自主的個體,又被要求符合社會對美麗的狹隘標準,體現了自主選擇與傳統規範之間的矛盾。為了解決這個問題,廣告往往會將女性刻劃成以自信滿滿的姿態展示性感的身體,搭配如「自信就是我最美的樣子」等文案,傳遞一種「美麗即力量」的主張,建立美麗等於成功的連結,巧妙地將「美麗」內化成女性的日常「責任」。女性內衣廣告透過包裝後女性主義的賦權理念,將展示性感所帶來的自信與消費行為緊密結合。使女性在追求美麗與自我認同的過程中,逐漸內化對自身的監控,進一步鞏固了消費文化對女性身體的隱性控制。
Abstract
Postfeminism was introduced to Taiwanese society in the late 1990s, bringing significant changes to local media culture. Under the influence of postfeminist media culture, there has been a heightened focus on the representation of the female body, leading to change in how it is portrayed. Contemporary media representations of the female body increasingly exhibit greater subjectivity, using narrative forms that differ from traditional sexual objectification. In the interaction between old and new structures, advertising has constructed an idealized female body image that differs from past portrayals.
Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore how Taiwanese media culture represents sexualized female bodies and how it negotiates between female subjectivity and gender stereotypes. By analyzing the representation of women's bodies in lingerie advertisements, this research seeks to uncover the construction process and underlying myths of the "ideal female body image" within postfeminist media culture. This study proposes three research questions: (1) What elements of sensibility characterize contemporary lingerie advertisements under postfeminist media culture? (2) How do lingerie advertisements represent the sexualized female body? How do advertisements construct self-identity through the sexualized female body? (3) How do lingerie advertisements reconcile the contradiction between women's active self-presentation and the reinforcement of gender stereotypes?
This study sampled lingerie advertisements from the last 10 years (from January 2015 to November 2024). Based on online popularity rankings, six lingerie brands were selected: Wacoal, Savvy, Mode Marie, Ladies, Swear, and Audrey. Then, from the official YouTube channels of these brands, this study selected postfeminist advertisements with obvious sexual subjectivization characteristics as research objects, and finally selected 10 advertising samples.
Using semiotic analysis, this study examines the symbolic meanings embedded within the advertisement texts. By interpreting both the denotative and connotative meanings of signs, the research investigates how the represented female body aligns with post-feminist sensibility elements. Through the synthesis of narrative structures and recurring symbolic elements in the advertisements, the study further explores how the idealized female body image is constructed and the narrative strategies behind it.
The results of the study show that the female body image reproduced in lingerie advertisements mainly has the characteristics of eight postfeminist sensibility elements: (1) femininity as a bodily property, (2) the sexualisation of culture, (3) from sex object to desiring sexual subject, (4) individualism, choice and empowerment, (5) self surveillance and discipline, (6) the makeover paradigm, (7) the reassertion of gender difference, and (8) feminism and anti-feminism. These characteristics not only highlight the diverse representations of femininity in postfeminist culture, but also reflect how contemporary lingerie advertisements utilize these symbolic elements to construct an idealized female body image.
This study finds that contemporary lingerie advertisements integrate two major postfeminist cultural characteristics—"sexual subjectivity" and "individual empowerment"—to encourage women to shape attractive body curves through "techniques of sexiness." By wearing lingerie, women are portrayed as expressing their sexual charm and deriving pleasure from external admiration. Advertisements not only emphasize that women have sexual autonomy over their bodies, but also suggest that women should reshape their sexiness into a source of self-confidence and self-pleasure. In doing so, the sexualized female body is no longer just a symbol of objectification, but also a symbol of personal identity and choice, thereby creating a sexually attractive body image to establish self-identity.
In the reproduction of lingerie advertisements, women are encouraged to become confident and autonomous individuals while being expected to conform to narrow beauty standards, embodying a contradiction between self-determination and traditional norms. In order to solve this problem, advertisements often portray women as showing off their sexy bodies in confident postures, with copy such as "Confidence is my most beautiful look", promoting the idea that "beauty is power" and reinforcing the association between beauty and success. By packaging empowerment concept of postfeminism, lingerie advertisements closely combine confidence brought by displaying sexiness with consumer behavior. In the process of pursuing beauty and self-identity, women gradually internalize the surveillance of themselves, further consolidating the implicit control of consumer culture over women's bodies.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 v
目錄 vii
圖表目錄 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
一、性別角色的社會變遷 1
二、後女性主義文化下的媒體廣告 3
三、媒體再現的新女性身體形象 5
第二節 研究動機與問題 7
第二章 文獻探討 10
第一節 符合社會期待的身體形象 11
一、身體形象的定義與社會意涵 12
二、身體形象與性別認同 16
第二節 後女性主義文化下的女性身體形象 19
一、後女性主義文化 19
二、解放與矛盾:運用性感技術的身體 23
(一)從性物化到性主體化 23
(二)後女性主義文化中的性感技術 27
第三節 內衣廣告再現的女性身體形象 29
一、廣告內容再現的身體形象 30
(一)媒介再現論 30
(二)廣告再現的女性身體 33
二、從乳房到內衣:女性身體形象的商品化過程 35
(一)乳房:從生理到文化的女性象徵 36
(二)內衣的歷史與演進 37
三、內衣廣告相關研究整理 39
第三章 研究方法 44
第一節 廣告文本的選擇 45
第二節 符號學分析方法 49
一、符號學的概念與分析方式 50
(一)符號的意義 50
(二)系譜軸與毗鄰軸 53
(三)符號意義三層次 55
二、本研究的符號學分析 58
第四章 資料分析 59
第一節 廣告文本與符號分析 60
一、奧黛莉:李維維 赴約篇(2015年) 60
(一)廣告文本內容 60
(二)文本符號分析 61
二、莎薇:婚禮大抉擇(2015年) 62
(一)廣告文本內容 62
(二)文本符號分析 63
三、蕾黛絲:美麗不將就 大男人篇(2017年) 65
(一)廣告文本內容 65
(二)文本符號分析 66
四、蕾黛絲:美麗不將就 審判篇(2018年) 68
(一)廣告文本內容 68
(二)文本符號分析 69
五、曼黛瑪璉:遇見自己(2021年) 71
(一)廣告文本內容 71
(二)文本符號分析 72
六、思薇爾:種在家篇(2021年) 74
(一)廣告文本內容 74
(二)文本符號分析 75
七、華歌爾:摩奇X Good Look(2023年) 76
(一)廣告文本內容 76
(二)文本符號分析 77
八、思薇爾:撩波 新花漾(2023年) 79
(一)廣告文本內容 79
(二)文本符號分析 79
九、莎薇:自然不刻意就很美(2024年) 81
(一)廣告文本內容 81
(二)文本符號分析 82
十、曼黛瑪璉:我的自信(2024年) 83
(一)廣告文本內容 83
(二)文本符號分析 84
第二節 女性內衣廣告中的符號特徵 85
一、場景符號 85
(一)浪漫約會場景 85
(二)私密空間 87
二、角色符號 89
(一)異性戀的互動關係 89
(二)自我探索 92
三、身體符號 94
(一)修飾過的身體 94
(二)主動的性吸引力 97
四、語言文字符號 99
(一)何謂美麗? 99
(二)自信是甚麼? 101
第三節 內衣廣告中主要出現的後女性主義感知元素符號 103
一、內衣廣告中的後女性主義感知元素 103
二、運用性感技術的身體 106
三、美麗與自信的迷思 110
四、主體性的積極表達 111
第五章 研究結論與建議 115
第一節 研究結果與發現 116
一、內衣廣告再現的性化女體 116
二、新舊結構框架下重構的女性身體形象 118
三、內衣廣告中「理想女性」的迷思:內外兼修的雙重枷鎖 121
四、新女性身體形象在女性內衣廣告中的策略與侷限 124
第二節 研究建議 127
參考文獻 129
中文文獻 129
英文文獻 137
圖表目錄
圖次
圖1 Saussure的「意義的元素」 51
圖2 Peirce的「意義的元素」 52
圖3 Sasussure符號表義二軸關係 55
圖4 符號表徵的三層意義 57

表次
表1 內衣品牌的市場定位與產品訴求 47
表2 本研究選取的廣告樣本 48
表3 後女性主義感知元素在廣告樣本中的出現次數104


參考文獻 References
中文文獻
方云萱(2016)。《一間廚房、兩代女人:電視食品廣告再現的家庭女性代間關係為例》。中山大學行銷傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
尤嫣嫣(2002)。《大學生體型及其身體意象相關因素之研究-以中原大學新生為例》。臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所博士論文。
王承平(2010)。《從汽車廣告看幸福空間的形塑與再現》。高雄師範大學視覺傳達設計研究所碩士論文。
王姝畫(2009)。〈現代女性內衣的文化特徵〉,《科技信息》,4,331-333。
邱子修(2010)。台灣女性主義批評三波論。《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》,27,251-273。
余曉涵(2021)。《玩轉性別新可能-Voguing舞蹈性別團體的行動研究》。清華大學教育心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
林幼嵐(2011)。《廣告中的女性意識:世代差異》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。
林疋愔(2013)。《透視茉莉花革命—符號力量的建構》。威秀資訊。
林宇玲(2003)。〈解讀台灣綜藝節目「反串模仿秀」的性別文化〉,何春蕤編《跨性別》,頁173-219。中央大學性/別研究室。
林宇玲(2005)。〈解讀媒體中的性別意涵—以平面廣告為例〉,成露茜、羅曉南編《媒體識讀:一個批判的開始》,頁137-150。正中。
林育如(2010)。〈視覺表現裡的對話與凝視-以女性內衣平面廣告為例〉,《高雄師大學報:人文與藝術類》,28,141-162。
林芳玫(2005)。〈性別主流化在台灣:從國際發展到在地化實踐〉,《第一屆性別研究與公共政策學術研討會論文集》,頁 1-19。
林佳郁(2003)。《台北市社區大學女性學員『塑身美容課程經驗』之身體意象及學習動機研究》。臺灣師範大學社會教育學系碩士論文。
林信宏(2003)。〈運動廣告中的符號消費現象—以 NIKE 電視廣告為例〉,《傳播與管理研究》,3(1), 43-67。
林深靖(2001)。〈青春睿智卡維波〉,何春蕤編《身體政治與媒體批判》,19-26。中央大學性/別研究室。
林菁(2018)。〈國小探究式資訊素養融入課程之研究:理論與實踐〉,《教育資料與圖書館學》,55(2),103-137。
林雅容(2009)。〈自我認同形塑之初探:青少年、角色扮演與線上遊戲〉,《資訊社會研究》,16,197-229。
林語芩(2017)。《瘦身女性身體意象與美貌迷思經驗之探討》。高雄師範大學性別教育研究所碩士論文。
李建瑩、王孝勇(2014)。〈「新」女性形象的媒體再現與性別意識:電視內衣廣告曼黛瑪璉之圖像符號學分析〉,《靜宜人文社會學報》,71-115。
李澤誼(2017)。《女性內衣社群媒體行銷之意識形態分析》。高雄應用科技大學文化創意產業系碩士論文。
呂明心、傅臨超、邱玉蟬、闕河嘉(2016)。〈男主外,女「煮」內:臺灣「米」電視廣告的性別形象〉。《傳播與發展學報》,(33),56-88。
吳宗曄(2005)。〈性別角色標準的改變〉,《網路社會學通訊期刊》,48。
吳秀娟(2009)。《男女性對女性完美身材的偏好差異》。臺北教育大學社會科教育學系碩士論文。
吳家翔(1997)。《解讀美體瘦身廣告的身體形塑意涵》。世界新聞傳播學院傳播研究所碩士論文。
洪荷善(2018)。《陰性書寫的新視角:Facebook網路紅人的性感自拍》。臺灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
洪顯勝譯(1988)。《符號學要義》。南方叢書。(原書Barthes, R. [1968]. Elements of Semiology. Ingram International)。
郭馥滋、黃貴樹、王正忠、雷小娟(2012)。〈觀看運動文化中性別角色的分析〉,《淡江體育》,15,52-56。
姜易慧(2007)。《胸罩、乳房、身體─不斷重構的女性主體》。臺灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
祝平一(1996)。〈雕給我一個身體:塑身美容廣告中的女性∕主體〉,《婦女與兩性研究通訊》,38 & 39,9-17。
莊淑、鄭豐譯、聶喬齡(2012)。〈大學生身體意象、社會體型焦慮、身體自我概念與運動行為之關係研究〉,《成大體育學刊》,44(1),1-16。
徐佳苓(2016)。《從內衣廣告看女性主義的影響》。中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
陳向明(2011)。《社會科學質的研究》。五南。
陳明珠(2010)。《媒體符號研究─分析與再思考》。五南。
陳坤虎、雷庚玲、吳英璋(2005)。〈不同階段青少年之自我認同內容及危機探索之發展差異〉,《中華心理學刊》,47(3),249-268。
陳秀珍(2007)。<淺談女性角色的演變>,《網路社會學通訊》,65。
陳炳宏、柯舜智(2021)。《媒體與資訊素養:數位公民培力》。五南。
陳炫婷(2008)。《電視廣告文本中的身體意象》。南華大學教育社會學研究所碩士論文。
陳音頤(2020年12月8日)。〈後女性主義和當今歐美流行文化 ─以女孩跳鋼管舞為例〉。「科技部人文沙龍系列演講」,澎湖,台灣。
陳盈璇(2006)。《內衣、身體與社會—台灣女性身體美感的論述流變(1940-1960)》。交通大學社會與文化研究所碩士論文。
陳婉琪、張恒豪、黃樹仁(2016)。<網絡社會運動時代的來臨?太陽花運動參與者的人際連帶與社群媒體因素初探>,《人文及社會科學集刊》,28(4),467-501。
陳皓文(2015)。《線上影音平台之廣告效果研究-以YouTube為例》。中原大學碩士論文。
陳錦玫(1996)。〈女性機能性內衣之特性研究〉,《紡織中心期刊》,6-5:377-380。
孫秀蕙(1999)。〈廣告與兩性〉,王雅各編《性屬關係(下)性別與文化、再現》,65-84。心理。
孫秀蕙、陳儀芬(2011)。《結構符號學與傳播文本:理論與研究實例》。正中書局。
孫榮光(2010)。〈負面客家形象的建構:以電視綜藝性談話節目為例〉,《復興崗學報》,125-143。
康庭瑜(2019a)。〈賦權及其極限?後女性主義、社群媒體與自拍〉,《新聞學研究》,141,1-38。
康庭瑜(2019b)。〈「只是性感,不是放蕩」:社群媒體女性自拍文化的象徵性劃界實踐〉,《中華傳播學刊》,35,125-158。
許玉雲、陳彰惠(1999)。〈身體心像概念分析〉,《護理雜誌》,46(6),103-109。
許如婷(2014)。〈凝視戶外廣告媒體:書寫城市媒介空間的文化想像〉,《人文暨社會科學期刊》,10。
游易霖(2010)。〈物化女性之行銷手法的社會現象探討─以Online Games廣告為例〉,《網路社會學通訊期刊》,87。
張文嘉(2006)。《家在麥當勞-家庭在電視廣告中的再現》。中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
張艾湘(2004)。《女性雜誌中女性形象內容產製之分析》。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
張家榕(2012)。《物化女性廣告對女性消費者購買內衣意願之影響─以內衣廣告為例》。輔仁大學織品服裝學系碩士論文。
張瑜軒(2014)。《女性客體化身體經驗之探究》。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
張錦華(1994)。《傳播批判理論》。黎明文化
張錦華,劉容玫譯(2001)。《女性主義媒介研究》。遠流。(原書Zooonen, L.V [1994]. Feminist Media Studies. Sage)
張錦華(2002)。《女為悅己者瘦?媒介效果與主體研究》。正中。
張錦華、劉容玫、孫嘉蕊、黎雅麗譯(2013)。《傳播符號學理論》。遠流。(原書Fiske, J [1990]. Introduction of Communication Studies. Routledge.)
彭湘蘭(2012)。《女性客體化身體經驗之探究》。交通大學碩士教育研究所論文。
葉立誠(2016)。〈台灣華歌爾胸罩產品開發對國內女性內衣穿著影響之探討〉,《實踐設計學報》,10,366-383。
馮建三譯(1995)。《電視.觀眾與文化研究》。遠流。(原書Morley, D. [1992]. Television, Audiences & Cultural Studies. Routledge)
覃思齊(2003)。《從束乳到挺胸─內衣穿著的社會學研究》。臺灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
黄宗慧(2000年4月22日)。〈從《尤利西斯》中的莫莉之歌到女明星的寫真告白: 由精神分析的觀點看情慾自主/身體解放與父的凝視之抗衡〉。「第五屆 性教育、性學、性別研究暨同性戀研究學術研討會」。中央大學,台灣
黃新生譯(1994)。《媒介分析方法》。遠流。(原書Berger,A.A.[1933]. Media Analysis Techniques. Sage)
黃冠閔(2009)。〈觸覺中的身體自主性-梅洛龐蒂與昂希〉,《臺大文史哲學報》, 71,147-183。
黃曬莉(1999)。《跳脫性別框框:兩性平等教育教師/家長解惑手冊》。女書。
賈文玲(2001)。《青少年身體意象與自尊、社會因素關係之研究》。中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
曾鈺涓(2005)。〈女性身體與藝術創作:從“美的象徵”到“主體意義”的呈現〉,《婦研縱橫》,74,31-42。
曾育齡(2005)。《大學生身體意象與戀愛關係相關之研究》。中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。
曾黛莉、蔣豐雯(1997)。《解放胸罩》。尖端出版。
楊芳枝(2002年5月23日)。〈美麗壞女人:流行女性主義的歷史建構政治〉。「性別、知識、權力學術研討會」。高雄市,台灣。
楊芳枝、蕭蘋(2014)。〈後女性主義媒體文化的性別再現政治〉。陳瑤華編《台灣婦女處境白皮書》,頁445–482。女書。
楊青婉(2015)。《訴說的身體:內衣電視廣告的符號學研究》。政治大學廣告學系碩士論文。
楊琇如(2019)。《20世紀美國Vogue雜誌中女性胸罩廣告的視覺分析》。交通大學應用藝術研究所博士論文。
楊遠隆(2013)。《身體意象與醫學美容之相關研究》。淡江大學未來學研究所碩士論文。
廖世機(2007)。〈消費者保護行政起源與發展之探討與比較〉,《消費者保護研究》,9,131。
趙夏萍(2007)。《女人貼身寶貝-內衣經驗的分析》。元智大學資訊社會學碩士學位學程碩士論文。
趙景雲(2005)。《共謀或抵抗?瘦身女性身體的主體性與客體性》。東吳大學社會學系碩士論文。
趙毅衡(2012)。《符號學》。新銳文創。
趙毅衡、胡易容(2014)。《符號學: 傳媒學辭典》。新銳文創。
蔡廷瑋(2020)。《自我悲憫對大學生之身體意象的影響》。屏東大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士班碩士論文。
黎士鳴譯(2001)。《身體意象》。弘智。(原書Grogan, S. [1999]. Body Image. Routledge)
劉育雯(2004)。《在觀看與被觀看之間:高中女學生身體意象之研究》。臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
劉啟璋(2011)。《女性生活型態、身體意象與內衣消費RFM之分析》。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
鄭曉楓(2023)。〈一般年輕族群使用社群媒體的心理經驗:以國立大學學生為例〉。 《教育心理學報》,54(3),663-683。
盧俊宏、黃瀅靜(1999)。〈大專學生社會體型焦慮、身體質量指數與運動行為之關係研究〉,《大專體育學刊》,1(2),129-137。
蕭蘋(2003)。〈或敵或友?流行文化與女性主義〉,《臺灣社會學刊》,30,135-164。
蕭蘋(2021)。〈超越極限,做自己?解讀廣告中的性別與運動〉,《傳播與社會學刊》,57,95-126。
蕭蘋、袁支翔(2011)。〈展售男性氣概:男性生活時尚雜誌所呈現的新男性形象分析(1997-2006)〉,《新聞學研究》,107,207-243。
蕭蘋、張文嘉(2010)。〈相聚在金色拱門下:麥當勞電視廣告中的家庭形象分析(1984– 2003)〉,《新聞學研究》,102,1–34。
羅文琪(2007)。《當代雜誌廣告中女性角色的幽默式訴求研究-以產品類別、角色描繪與文化特性角度探討》。輔仁大學應用美術學系碩士論文。
羅涵云(2007)。《後現代女性主義的政治觀─以張愛玲作品為例》。臺灣師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文。

英文文獻
Aboim, S. (2010). Gender cultures and the division of labour in contemporary Europe: A cross-national perspective. The Sociological Review, 58(2), 171-196.
Alexander, M.W. & Judd, B. (1978). Do nudes in ads enhance brand recall? Journal of Advertising Research, 18 (1), 47-50.
Allen, K. A., Ryan, T., Gray, D. L., McInerney, D. M., & Waters, L. (2014). Social media use and social connectedness in adolescents: The positives and the potential pitfalls. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 31(1), 18-31.
Alleva, J. M., & Tylka, T. L. (2021). Body functionality: A review of the literature. Body Image, 36, 149-171.
Amy-Chinn, D. (2006). This is just for me(n): How the regulation of post-feminist lingerie advertising perpetuates woman as object. Journal of Consumer Culture, 6(2), 155-175.
Antoniou, A., & Akrivos, D. (2020). Gender portrayals in advertising: stereotypes, inclusive marketing and regulation. Journal of Media Law, 12(1), 78-115.
Appadurai, A. (2013). The future as cultural fact: Essays on the global condition. Rassegna Italiana di sociologia, 14(4), 649-650.
Arens, W. F., Weigold, M. F., & Arens, C. (2011). Contemporary advertising and integrated marketing communications. McGraw-Hill.
Ariely, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2006). The Heat of the Moment: The Effect of Sexual Arousal on Sexual Decision Making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 87–98.
Attwood, F. (2006). Sexed Up: Theorizing the Sexualization of Culture. Sexualities, 9(1), 77–94.
Avedon, C., & Nettie P. (1993). Changing Perceptions in the Feminist Debate. In Alison Assiter & Carol Avedon (Eds.). Bad Girls & Dirty Pictures: The Challenge to Reclaim Feminism (pp. 45-56). Pluto.
Banet-Weiser, S. (2018). Empowered: Popular feminism and popular misogyny. Duke University Press.
Banet-Weiser, S., Gill, R., & Rottenberg, C. (2020). Postfeminism, popular feminism and neoliberal feminism? Sarah Banet-Weiser, Rosalind Gill and Catherine Rottenberg in conversation. Feminist theory, 21(1), 3-24.
Banfield, S. S., & McCabe, M. P. (2002). An evaluation of the construct of body image. Adolescence, 37(146), 373.
Barthes, R. (1977). Image-music-text. Hill and Wang.
Barthes, R. (1984). Elements of semiology. Hill and Wang.
Baxter, S. M., Kulczynski, A., & Ilicic, J. (2015). Ads aimed at dads: exploring consumers’ reactions towards advertising that conforms and challenges traditional gender role ideologies. International Journal of Advertising, 35(6), 970–982.
Beiman, N. (2007). Prepare to board!: Creating story and characters for animated features and shorts. Focal Press.
Bennett, A., & Hodkinson, P. (2020). Ageing and youth cultures: Music, style and identity. Routledge.
Bennett, P., & McDougall, J. (2013). Barthes' Mythologies today:readings of contemporary culture. Routledge.
Berger, A.A. (1993). Media Analysis Techniques. Sage.
Berger, J. (2008). Ways of seeing. Penguin Classics.
Bignell, J. (2002). Media semiotics: An introduction. Manchester University Press.
Blloshmi, A. (2013). Advertising in post-feminism: The return of sexism in visual culture? Journal of Promotional Communications, 1(1).
Blood, S. K. (2005). Body work: The social construction of women's body image. Routledge.
Bovee, & Arens (1986). Contemporary Advatising. Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Braidotti, R. (1996). Cyberfeminism with a difference. New Formations, 29, 9-25.
Bronner, F., & Neijens, P. (2006). Audience experiences of media context and embedded advertising: A comparison of eight media. International Journal of Market Research, 48(1):81-100.
Brooks, A. (2002). Postfeminisms: Feminism, cultural theory and cultural forms. Routledge.
Budgeon, S. (2011). The contradictions of successful femininity: Third-Wave Feminism, Postfeminism and ‘New’ Femininities. In Gill, R., Scharff, C. (Eds.) New femininities: Postfeminism, neoliberalism and subjectivity (pp. 279-292). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Buiten, D. (2009). Gender transformation and media representations: Journalistic discourses in three South African newspapers [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria.
Burkett, M., & Hamilton, K. (2012). Postfeminist sexual agency: Young women’s negotiations of sexual consent. Sexualities, 15(7), 815-833.
Calogero, R. M. (2012). Objectification theory, self-objectification, and body image. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 574–580). Elsevier Academic Press.
Camerino, L., Camerino, O., Prat, Q., Jonsson, G. K., & Castañer, M. (2020). Has the use of body image in advertising changed in the first two decades of the new century? Physiology & Behavior, 220, Article 112869.
Campbell, S. (2008). Mobile technology and the body: Apparatgeist, fashion, and function. In J.E. Katz (Eds.), Handbook of mobile communication studies Cambridge, MIT Press.
Cash, T. F. (2001). The treatment of body image disturbances. In J. K. Thompson (Ed.), Body image, eating disorders, and obesity: An integrative guide for assessment and treatment (pp. 83–107). American Psychological Association.
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (2002). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. Guilford Press.
Cense, M. (2019). Rethinking sexual agency: Proposing a multicomponent model based onyoung people’s life stories. Sex Education, 19(3), 247-262.
Charmaz, K., & Rosenfeld, D. (2016). Reflections of the body, images of self: Visibility andinvisibility in chronic illness and disability. In Body/embodiment (pp. 35-49). Routledge.
Cheek, J. M. (1989). Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions. Springer-Verlag.
Chu, K., Lee, D.-H., & Kim, J. Y. (2016). The effect of non-stereotypical gender role advertising on consumer evaluation. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 35(1), 106–134.
Clarke, S., Hahn, H., & Hoggett, P. (Ed.). (2018). Object relations and social relations: The implications of the relational turn in psychoanalysis. Routledge.
Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2018). ‘Selfie’-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 68-74.
Cohen, R., Irwin, L., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2019). #bodypositivity: A content analysis of body positive accounts on Instagram. Body image, 29, 47-57.
Cotter, D., Hermsen, J. M., & Vanneman, R. (2011). The end of the gender revolution? Gender role attitudes from 1977 to 2008. American journal of sociology, 117(1), 259-89.
Craik, J. (2003). The face of fashion: Cultural studies in fashion. Routledge.
Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (2008). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(8), 983-996.
Cruwys, T., Bevelander, K. E., & Hermans, R. C. (2015). Social modeling of eating: A review of when and why social influence affects food intake and choice. Appetite, 86, 3-18.
De Saussure, F. (1949/1966). Course in general linguistics (W. Baskin, Trans.). McGraw-Hill Book.
Dittmar, H. (2009). How do “body perfect” ideals in the media have a negative impact on body image and behaviors? Factors and processes related to self and identity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 1-8.
Dobson, A. S. (2015). Postfeminist digital cultures: Femininity, social media, and self-representation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Dosekun, S. (2015). For western girls only? Post-feminism as transnational culture. Feminist Media Studies, 15(6), 960–975.
Dolan, B. M., Birtchnell, S. A., & Lacey, J. H. (1987). Body image distortion in non-eating disordered women and men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31(4), 513–520.
Dougherty, C., & Calafell, B. M. (2019). Before and beyond # MeToo and #TimesUp: Rape as a colonial and racist project. Women & Language, 42(1).
Douglas, Mary (2003). Natural Symbols. Routledge.
Douglas, S. J. (1994). Where the girls are: growing up female with the mass media. Times Books.
Drew, J. (1998). Cultural Composition: Stuart Hall on Ethnicity and the Discursive Turn. JAC: A Journal of Composition Theory, 18.
Duits, L., & van Zoonen, L. (2006). Headscarves and porno-chic: Disciplining girls’ bodies in the European multicultural society. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(2), 103-17.
Duits, L., & van Zoonen, L. (2007). Who’s afraid of female agency? A rejoinder to Gill. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 14, 161-170.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth, and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.
Ewing, E. (2010). Fashion in Underwear: From Babylon to Bikini Briefs. Dover Publications.
Evans, A., Riley, S., & Shankar, A. (2010). Technologies of sexiness: Theorizing women’s engagement in the sexualization of culture. Feminism & Psychology, 20(1), 114-131.
Evans, P. C., & McConnell, A. R. (2003). Do Racial Minorities Respond in the Same Way to Mainstream Beauty Standards? Social Comparison Processes in Asian, Black, and White Women. Self and Identity, 2(2), 153–167.
Evans, A., & Riley, S. (2014). Technologies of sexiness: Sex, identity, and consumer culture. Oxford University Press.
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current opinion in psychology, 9, 1-5.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2008). Sexing the body: Gender politics and the construction of sexuality. Basic books.
Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the Self. In L. H. Martin, H. Gutman, & P. H. Hutton (Eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16-49). University of Massachusetts Press.
Fischer-Mirkin, T. (1995). Dress code: Understanding the hidden meanings of women’s clothes. Clarkson Potter.
Fisher, S. (1990). The evolution of psychological concepts about the body. In Cash, T. and Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.), Body images development, deviance and change. Guilford Press.
Fisher, S. (2014). Development and Structure of the Body Image (Vols. 2). Psychology Press.
Fiske, J., & Hartley, J. (1978). Reading Television. Routledge.
Fiske, J. (2010). Television culture. Routledge.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206.
Furnham, A., & Skae, E. (1997). Changes in the stereotypical portrayal of men and women in British television advertisements. European Psychologist, 2(1), 44–51.
Gill, R. (2007a). Critical respect: The dilemmas of ‘choice’ and agency for women’s studies. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 14(1), 69-80.
Gill, R. (2007b). Gender and the media. Polity Press.
Gill, R. (2007c). Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 147-166.
Gill, R. (2008). Culture and subjectivity in neoliberal and postfeminist times. Subjectivity, 25, 432-445.
Gill, R. (2012). Media, empowerment and the ‘sexualization of culture’ debates. Sex roles, 66, 736-745.
Gill, R. (2019). Post-postfeminism?: New feminist visibilities in postfeminist times. In Gill (Eds.), An intergenerational feminist media studies (pp.54-74). Routledge.
Goffman, E. (1979). Gender advertisements. Harper & Row.
Goldman, R. (1992). Reading Ads Socially. Routledge
Grau, S. L. & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 761–770.
Grogan, S. (2016). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Routledge.
Hall, E. J. & Rodriguez, M. S. (2003). The Myth of Postfeminism. Gender & Society, 17(6), 878-902.
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage.
Hall, S. (2017). The fateful triangle: Race, ethnicity, nation. Harvard University Press.
Hall, S. (2020). The work of representation. In Hall (Eds.), The applied theatre reader (pp. 74-76). Routledge.
Halliwell, E. & Dittmar, H. (2003). A Qualitative Investigation of Women's and Men's Body Image Concerns and Their Attitudes Toward Aging. Sex Roles, 49, 675-684.
Halliwell, E. & Dittmar, H. (2004). Does size matter? The impact of model's body size on women's body-focused anxiety and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 104–122.
Harvey, A. (2019). Feminist media studies. John Wiley & Sons.
Hines, S. (2020). Sex wars and (trans) gender panics: Identity and body politics in contemporary UK feminism. The Sociological Review, 68(4), 699-717.
Hobbs, M., Owen, S. & Gerber, L. (2017). Liquid love? Dating apps, sex, relationships and the digital transformation of intimacy. Journal of Sociology, 53(2), 271-284.
Hockey, J. & James, A. (2017). Social Identities Aross Life Course. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Holland, G. & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body image, 17, 100-110.
Howard(2024年12月21日)。〈數位廣告全攻略:從基礎概念到廣告策略全面解析〉,《好野郎》。取自:https://marketing.richman.tw/blog/a-complete-guide-
to-digital-advertising/
Jacques Lacan (1978/1998). The Seminar of Jacques Lacan. In Miller, J.A., (Eds.), The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Book XI). (Sheridan, A., Trans.). Norton.
Jagger, G. (2008). Judith Butler: Sexual politics, social change and the power of the performative. Routledge.
Jhally, S. (2014). The codes of advertising: Fetishism and the political economy of meaning in the consumer society. Routledge.
John Fiske (1990). Introduction to communication studies. Routledge.
Johnston, J. & Taylor, J. (2008). Feminist Consumerism and Fat Activists: A Comparative Study of Grassroots Activism and the Dove Real Beauty Campaign. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 33, 941 - 966.
Kaoru Nozu(2023, June 18)。 櫻花光譜:在日本慶祝 LGBTQ+文化。Trip to Japan。取自:https://www.triptojapan.com/zh-TW/blog/sakura-spectrum-celebrating-lgbt
q-culture-in-japan.
Kang, M. (1997). The portrayal of women’s images in magazine advertisements: Goffman’s gender analysis revisited. Sex Roles, 37, 979-996.
Krassas, N.R., Blauwkamp, J.M., & Wesselink, P. (2001). Boxing Helena and Corseting Eunice: Sexual Rhetoric in Cosmopolitan and Playboy Magazines. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 44, 1–21.
LaTour, M. S., & Henthorne, T. L. (1994). Ethical judgments of sexual appeals in print advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(3), 81–90.
Leak, A. N. (1994). Barthes: mythologies. Grant and Cutler.
Leaver, T., Highfield, T., & Abidin, C. (2020). Instagram: Visual social media cultures. John Wiley & Sons.
Leiss, W., Kline, S., Jhally, S., & Botterill, J. (2013). Social communication in advertising: Consumption in the mediated marketplace. Routledge.
Levy, A. (2005). Female chauvinist pigs: Women and the rise of raunch culture. Free Press.
Lindsey, L. L. (2015). Gender roles: A sociological perspective. Routledge.
Lotz, A. (2001). Postfeminist television criticism: Rehabilitating critical terms and identifying postfeminist attributes. Feminist Media Studies, 1(1), 105-21.
Lykke, N. (2010). Feminist studies: A guide to intersectional theory, methodology and writing. Routledge.
Manago, A. M., Ward, L. M., Lemm, K. M., Reed, L., & Seabrook, R. (2015). Facebook involvement, objectified body consciousness, body shame, and sexual assertiveness in college women and men. Sex roles, 72, 1-14.
Marcia, J. E. (1994). Identity and intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 15(7), 590-596.
Marcotte, D., Fortin, L., Potvin, P., & Papillon, M. (2002). Gender differences in depressive symptoms during adolescence: Role of gender-typed characteristics, self-esteem, body image, stressful life events, and pubertal status. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10(1), 29-42.
Matsueda, R.L. (2006). CRIMINOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE THOUGHT OF GEORGE HERBERT MEAD. In Deflem, M. (Eds.), Sociological Theory and Criminological Research: Views from Europe and the United States (pp. 77-108), Emerald.
Matthes, J., Prieler, M. & Adam, K. (2016). Gender-Role Portrayals in Television Advertising Across the Globe. Sex Roles, 75, 314–327
Mazzarella, W. (2004). Culture, Globalization, Mediation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(1), 345-367.
McKinley, N. M. (2011). Feminist consciousness and objectified body consciousness. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(4), 684-688.
McQuail, D. (2020). McQuail's media and mass communication theory. Sage.
McRobbie, A. (2008). The aftermath of feminism: Gender, culture and social change. The Aftermath of Feminism, 1-192.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1986/2004). The visible and the invisible (Lingis, Trans.). Northwestern University Press.
Mills, J. S., Shannon, A., & Hogue, J. (2017). Beauty, body image, and the media. Perception of beauty, 10.
Millsted, R., & Frith, H. (2003). Being large-breasted: Women negotiating embodiment. Women's Studies International Forum, 26(5), 455–465.
Mils, Steven (1998). Consumerism: As a Way of Life. Sage.
Morris, C.W. (2015). George Herbert Mead, Mind Self & Society. The Definitive Edition. The University of Chicago Press.
Nelson, M.R., & Paek, H. (2007). A content analysis of advertising in a global magazine across seven countries: Implications for global advertising strategies. International marketing Review, 24(1), 64-86.
Nettle, D., Andrews, C., & Bateson, M. (2017). Food insecurity as a driver of obesity in humans: The insurance hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40.
Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. Sage.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language teaching, 44(4), 412-446.
Orbach, S. (2009). Bodies. Profile Books.
Orgad, S., & Gill, R. (2021). Confidence culture. Duke University Press.
Ott, K. (2018). Social media and feminist values: aligned or maligned? Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 39(1), 93-111.
Pendergrast, G., Leung, K.Y., & West, D. (2002). Role portrayal in advertising and editorial content, and eating disorders: an Asian perspective. International Journal of Advertising, 21, 237-58.
Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377.
Preece, S. (2016). The Routledge handbook of language and identity (Vols. 84). Routledge.
Radner, H. (1999). Queering the girl. In H. L. Radner. In Moya (Eds.), Swinging single: representing sexuality in the 1960s. University of Minnesota press.
Reichert, T. (2002). Sex in advertising research: A review of content, effects, and functions of sexual information in consumer advertising. Annual review of sex research, 13(1), 241-273.
Richards, P. (2017). Mary Douglas: understanding social thought and conflict. Berghahn Books.
Riley, S., Evans, A., Elliott, S., Rice, C., & Marecek, J. (2017). A critical review of postfeminist sensibility. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(12), e12367.

Robertson, M., Duffy, F., Newman, E., Bravo, C. P., Ates, H. H., & Sharpe, H. (2021). Exploring changes in body image, eating and exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown: A UK survey. Appetite, 159, 105062.
Rose, G. (2001). Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. Sage.
Russell, C., Gough, A., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Gender and environmental education in the time of# MeToo. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(4), 273-275.
Savage, M. (2021). The return of inequality. Harvard University Press.
Scarcelli, C. M., Krijnen, T. & Nixon, P. (2021). Sexuality, gender, media. Identity articulations in the contemporary media landscape. Information, Communication & Society, 24(8), 1063-1072.
Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Öberseder, M. (2010). Half a century of marketing ethics: Shifting perspectives and emerging trends. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 1-19.
Schilder, P. (1935). The image and appearance of the human body. Kegan Paul.
Schudson, M. (2013). Advertising, the uneasy persuasion: Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge.
Seleshanko, K. (2012). Bound & Determined: A Visual History of Corsets 1850-1960. Courier Corporation.
Sherry, J. (1987). Advertising as a Cultural System. In J. Umiker-Sebeok (Ed.), Marketin and Semiotics: New Directions in the Study of Signs for Sale (pp. 441-462). De Gruyter Mouton.
Shroff, H., & Thompson, J. (2004). Body image and eating disturbance in India: media and interpersonal influences. The International journal of eating disorders, 35(2), 198-203.
Sinclair, J. (1987). Images Incorporated: Advertising as Industry and Ideology. Croom Helme.
Sinclair, J. (1992). Review: Advertising International: The Privatisation of Public Space. Media Information Australia, 65(1), 107-109.
Slade, P. D. (1994). What is body image? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(5), 497–502.
Spatz, B. (2015). What a body can do. Routledge.
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 83-110.
Thompson, J. K., & Stice, E. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 181-183.
Tiggemann, M. (2015). Considerations of positive body image across various social identities and special populations. Body image, 14, 168-176.

Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). NetGirls: The media's impact on girls' body image, self-esteem, and eating disorders. Exploring Social Psychology, 1(1), 4-13.
Veblen, T., & Galbraith, J. K. (1973). The theory of the leisure class (Vol. 1899). Houghton Mifflin.
Wan, F., Faber, R. J., & Fung, A. (2003). Perceived impact of thin female models in advertising: a cross‐cultural examination of third person perception and its impact on behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(1/2), 51-73.
Wardle, H. (1997). Representation. In Stuart Hall (Eds.), Cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage.
Webster, F. (2014). Theories of the information society. Routledge.
Weldon, S. L. (2006). Inclusion, solidarity, and social movements: The global movement against gender violence. Perspectives on Politics, 4(1), 55-74.
Whitehead, K., & Kurz, T. (2009). Empowerment'and the pole: A discursive investigation of the reinvention of pole dancing as a recreational activity. Feminism & Psychology, 19(2), 224-244.
Williamson, J. (1978). Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. Marion Boyars.
Wong Kyle(2024年9月16日)。〈數位影音廣告市場持續擴大!一覽 DMA 台灣數位廣告報告,從動蕩市場中找尋策略新方向〉,《TenMax》。取自:https://www.tenmax.io/tw/archives/83448?utm_source=media&utm_medium=IAA&utm_campaign=pov.
Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2009). Gender identity. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 109–125). The Guilford Press.
Woodward, K. (1997). Identity and Difference. Sage.
Yalom, M. (1998). A History of the Breast. Ballantine Books.
Yarber, W., & Sayad, B. (2018). Human sexuality: Diversity in contemporary society (10th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Yeatman, A. (2014). Postmodern revisionings of the political. Routledge.
Zhang, Y., & Gelb, B. D. (1996). Matching advertising appeals to culture: The influence of products' use conditions. Journal of advertising, 25(3), 29-46.
Zoonen, L.V. (1994). Feminist Media Studies. Sage.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code