漁業對人類社會至關重要，不但是主要食物來源之一，也支撐著許多沿海國國家之經濟。在人類漁捕能力持續增強後，公海漁業資源從取之不盡轉為有限之資源，故如何養護漁業資源成為一重要議題。許多國際公約、協定紛紛出現，試圖養護漁業資源，但成效不彰。直至「海洋法公約」、「魚群協定」通過後，要求各國應透過區域漁業管理組織或安排合作並管理公海魚群。此機制賦予區域漁業管理組織約束力，使其制定養護與管理措施，促進跨界及高度洄游魚群之養護，區域漁業管理組織也成為公海漁業管理之主流。而當養護與管理措施被確實遵守時，方能確保措施有其效應，因此許多相關監測、管制與偵查（Monitor, Control, Surveillance）措施因應而生，公海登檢程序為其中之一。
但自17世紀起，航行於公海之船隻視為漂浮在海上之領土。因此，船籍國具專屬管轄權已成為習慣國際法之一部分。公海登檢程序乍看之下對船籍國之專屬管轄權進行許多干預，但船籍國依然可以在任何階段介入，非船籍國也會第一時間將資訊通知船籍國，讓船籍國能行駛其管轄權。但在特定情況下，船籍國之專屬管轄權確實受到限縮，皆是為了進一步確保其養護與管理措施之執行，這對補足區域漁業管理組織所缺乏之法律效力甚為重要。
本研究以我國參與之3個組織為例，分別為中西太平洋漁業委員會、北太平洋漁業委員會、南印度洋漁業協定，探討公海登檢機制在這些組織之發展及運作。使用文獻分析法為主，輔以比較分析法及個案研究，探討各組織間公海登檢程序通過過程之爭點、程序上之差異、我國於其中享有之權利與義務。3個組織中率先通過公海登檢程序為中西太平洋漁業委員會，後續2個組織通過之公海登檢程序也與中西太平洋委員會之程序有許多相似處，而中西太平洋漁業委員會為「魚群協定」後第一個通過之公海登檢程序，因此後續可預見其他組織很有可能也將之視為範本。
本研究發現，3個組織在討論過程中，出現之爭點十分雷同，皆有1) 武力使用之部分（包含可否攜帶武器、武器使用之時機等）；2) 針對登檢漁船之選擇；及3)與漁捕實體相關之規範（包含文字方面使用締約方或會員、漁捕實體是否適用公海登檢程序等）。而上述3個組織公海登檢程序出現差異之可能因素，包含在討論過程中主席之影響、參與討論過程之國家本質不同、國際漁業法之演進趨勢，以及我國加入該區域漁業管理組織之時間點等。而我國於其中之權利、義務大致上相同，皆遵循著中西太平洋漁業委員會之模式。

Fishing activity is very important to human society. It not only plays the role of the main source of food, but also supports the economies of many coastal countries. With the continuous enhancement of human fishing ability, the view of high seas fishery resources has changed from endless to finite. Therefore, how to conserve fishery resources has become an important issue. Many international conventions and agreements have appeared to try to conserve fishery resources, but the results have been ineffective. Until the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Fish Stocks Agreement, States are required to cooperate and manage fish stocks on the high seas through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements. This mechanism gives the binding force of regional fisheries management organizations, allowing them to adopt conservation and management measures to promote the conservation of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks. Regional fisheries management organizations have also become the mainstream of high seas fisheries management, and these conservation and management measures can have their effectiveness only when they are strictly complied with . Many monitoring, control, and survellence (MCS)-related have emerged from time to time, and the high seas boarding and inspection.
However, since the 17th century, ships sailing on the high seas have been regarded as floating territories on the seas, so the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag State has become part of customary international law. The high seas boarding and inspection can intervene flag State's exclusive jurisdiction, but the flag State can step in at any stage. The exclusive jurisdiction of the flag State is indeed limited in order to further ensure the implementation of conservation and management measures, which is very important to support regional fisheries management organizations that do not have such legal authorities.
This study takes three organizations which Taiwan has participated as examples, namely, the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC), and the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA) to understand the development and operation of high seas boarding and inspection procedures. The Document Analysis is used as the main research method, and supplemented by Comparative Analysis and Case Studyresearch methods to explore main debates during negotiation processes, differences among procedures, and rights and obligations that Taiwan enjoys in these three organizations.
The first among the three organizations to adopt high seas boarding and inspection procedures is WCPFC. The high seas boarding and inspection procedures adopted by the other two organizations also have many similarities with the procedures of WCPFC. As the first tuna organization established after the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement adopting high seas boarding and inspection procedures, it is foreseeable that other regional fisheries management organizations are likely to take WCPFC as their example to adopt their own high seas boarding and inspection procedures.
This study found that during the negotiation processes of the three organizations, major debates among participants to high seas boarding and inspection procedures were very similar, including 1) the use of force (i.e. whether or not to carry weapons, the timing of using weapons, etc); 2) Priorities of fishing vessels that high seas boarding and inspection procesures shall apply; and 3) Fishing Entity-related regulations (such as a Fishing Entity should use the term “Contracting Party” or “Member” and shall high seas boarding and inspection procesures apply to a Fishing Entity or not).
Possible factors for the differences regarding high seas registration procedures among the abovementioned three organizations include 1) influence of the chairpersons during the negotiation processes; 2) nature of States participating in the negotiation processes, 3) the evolution trendency of international fishery laws, and 4) when did Taiwan join these regional fisheries management organizations. Finally, the rights and obligations enjoyed by Taiwan are basically similar to those of WCPFC.

論文審定書 i
謝辭 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 viii
圖次 x
表次 xi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究緣起 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 13
第三節 研究方法 14
第四節 研究流程 15
第五節 研究範圍及限制 16
第二章 國際漁業法律體制之緣起 18
第一節 海洋自由 18
第二節 聯合國海洋法會議 22
第三節 永續發展下之國際漁業法律文件 28
第四節 結語 49
第三章公海登檢之緣起 56
第一節 公海上船籍國專屬管轄權之例外 57
第二節 「魚群協定」通過之「公海登檢」 65
第三節 結語 81
第四章 公海登檢程序在中西太平洋漁業委員會之實踐 89
第一節 組織設立之歷史沿革 89
第二節 組織架構介紹 93
第三節 公海登檢程序之沿革與通過後之重要內容規範 97
第四節 結語 110
第五章 公海登檢程序在北太平洋漁業委員會之實踐 114
第一節 組織設立之歷史沿革 114
第二節 組織架構介紹 117
第三節 公海登檢程序之沿革與通過後之重要內容規範 120
第四節 結語 128
第六章 公海登檢程序在南印度洋漁業協定之實踐 131
第一節 組織設立之歷史沿革 131
第二節 組織架構介紹 132
第三節 公海登檢程序之沿革與通過後之重要內容規範 135
第四節 結語 149
第七章 討論 154
第一節 各區域漁業管理組織公海登檢程序之比較 154
第二節 各區域漁業管理組織間公海登檢程序差異之可能原因 163
第三節 結語 170
第八章 結論與建議 171
第一節 結論 171
第二節 建議 173
參考文獻 174

中文部分
專書
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學術論文
王冠雄，「打擊非法捕魚行為之新措施對在公海海域之外國漁船登臨與檢查」，中華國際法與超國界法評論第5卷第1期（2009年6月）。
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學位論文
陳盈廷，「從『聯合國跨界與高度洄游魚類協定』論公海海域登臨及檢查權之理論與實踐---以WCPFC為例」，碩士論文，國立政治大學外交研究所，2008年。
技術與研究報告
胡念祖，「一九九五年聯合國履行協定中「相容性」及「預防性作為」條款法理及實務之研究」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告書。
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報紙
黃守作，「公海漁業巡護 海巡署艦隊分署巡護八號船啟航」，奇摩新聞，2019年9月17日，https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%85%AC%E6%B5%B7%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A1%E8%AD%B7-%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A1%E7%BD%B2%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%86%E7%BD%B2%E5%B7%A1%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%AB%E8%99%9F%E8%88%B9%E5%95%9F%E8%88%AA-092059292.html，上網檢視日期：2019年9月18日。
網路資料
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英文部分
專書
Bruce A. Elleman, Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies (America: Naval War College Press, 2010).
Douglas Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (England: Cambridge University Press, 2009), available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E38EB6074AAF5FD6A1AE6462D11AB321/9780511596636c7_p170-179_CBO.pdf/unauthorised_broadcasting_on_the_high_seas.pdf (2022/1/18).
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Rosemary Gail Rayfuse, Non-flag state enforcement in high seas fisheries (Boston: Brill Academic, 2004).
Simon Jennings, Marine Fisheries Ecology (Malden, USA: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001).
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專書論文
David A. Balton, “The Compliance Agreement”, in Ellen Hey ed., Developments in International Fisheries Law (The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 1999), pp. 31-53.
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Rosemary Rayfuse, “Interrelationship Between the Global Instruments of International Fisheries Law”, in Ellen Hey ed., Developments in International Fisheries Law (The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 1999), pp. 107-158.
學術論文
Are K Sydnes, “Regional Fishery Organisations in Developing Regions: Adapting to Changes in International Fisheries Law”, Marine Policy, Vol. 26, no. 5 (2002), pp. 373-381.
Are K. Sydnes, “Establishing a regional fisheries management organisation for the Western and Central Pacific tuna fisheries”, Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 44 (2001), pp. 787-811.
Chung-Ling Chen, “Realization of high seas enforcement by non-flag states in WCPFC: A signal for enhance cooperative enforcement in fisheries management”, Marine Policy, Vol. 50 (2014), pp. 162-170.
Garry R. Russ and Dirk C. Zeller, “From Mare Liberum to Mare Reservarum”, Marine Policy, Vol. 27, no. 1 (2003), pp. 75-78.
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Martin Tsamenyi, “Fisheries jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea Convention: rights and obligations in maritime zones under the sovereignty of Coastal States”, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol 27, no. 4 (2012), pp. 783-793.
Michael W. Lodge, “The Practice of Fishing Entities in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: The Case of the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean”, Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 37, No. 2 (2006), pp. 185-207.
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網路資料
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官方文件
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