本研究以垂直產品差異化市場為背景，建構一個價格領導模型，分析本國廠商一作為價格領導者時，在不同技術取得方式（獨自研發、購買許可證、與外國廠商合作）與技術外溢程度下，所面對的品質、價格與利潤最適決策。模型採用三階段賽局，透過逆推法求解市場均衡，進一步比較各情境下的社會福利與廠商利潤差異。
研究結果顯示，當授權費用低於特定門檻值時，企業傾向購買許可證或與外國廠商合作，而不選擇獨自研發；此外，技術外溢程度越高，將有利於跟隨者提升品質與利潤，並削弱價格領導者的優勢。雖然外溢對價格領導者者不利，但有助於提升消費者剩餘與整體社會福利。進一步引入政府偏好參數 β 評估不同監管下的社會福利組成，發現政府若過度偏重企業利潤，可能反而不利於社會福利最大化。

This study constructs a price leadership model within a vertically differentiated market to analyze the optimal quality, pricing, and profit strategies of a domestic firm acting as the market leader. The model considers three modes of technology acquisition—independent R&D, licensing, and cooperation with a foreign firm—and incorporates the impact of technological spillovers. A three-stage game is developed, and market equilibrium is derived using backward induction. The analysis further compares firm profits and social welfare under various scenarios.
The results show that when the licensing fee is below a certain threshold, firms prefer licensing or cooperation over independent R&D. Moreover, a higher degree of spillovers benefits the follower by improving quality and profitability, thereby weakening the leader’s advantage. Although spillovers may reduce incentives for innovation, they enhance consumer surplus and overall social welfare. A government preference parameter β is introduced to assess the composition of social welfare under different regulatory stances. The analysis indicates that excessive emphasis on firm profits may hinder welfare maximization.

目 錄
論文審定書…………………………………………………………………...…….……i
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………….……… .ii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………….…….iii
目錄………………………………………………………………………………….….iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………...v
第 一 章 緒論……………………………………………………………….…………...1
第一節 研究動機與背景……………………………………………….………. .1
第二節 研究方法………………………………………………………….……. .1
第三節 研究目的…………………………………………………………….…. .2
第 二 章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………….. .3
第三章 模型之比較分析 ……………………………………………………………….5
第一節 是否獲得外國廠商獨家許可…………………………………………......5
第二節 與外國廠商共同合作 …………………………………………………...10
第三節 技術外溢………………………………………………………………....13
第四節 例子 ……………………………………………………………………...21
第四章 社會福利分析………………………………………………………………....23
第一節 消費者剩餘與社會福利……………………………………………........23
第二節 政府監管下的社會福利……………………………………………........26
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………………....29

參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………....31
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………….33

一、 英文文獻
Li, C., & Song, J. (2009). Technology licensing in a vertically differentiated duopoly. Japan and the World Economy, 21(2), 183–190.
Motta, M. (1993). Endogenous quality choice: Price vs. quantity competition. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 41(2), 113–131.
Mukherjee, A., & Sinha, U. B. (2014). Can cost asymmetry be a rationale for privatisation? International Review of Economics & Finance, 29, 497–503.
Nguyen, X., Sgro, P., & Nabin, M. (2014). Licensing under vertical product differentiation: Price vs. quantity competition. Economic Modelling, 36, 600–606.
Nie, P. Y., Wang, C., & Wen, H. Z. (2022). Technology spillover and innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 34(2), 210–222.
Peltzman, S. (1976). Toward a more general theory of regulation. The Journal of Law and Economics, 19(2), 211–240.
Sinani, E., & Meyer, K. E. (2004). Spillovers of technology transfer from FDI: The case of Estonia. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(3), 445–466.
Symeonidis, G. (2003). Comparing Cournot and Bertrand equilibria in a differentiated duopoly with product R&D. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 21(1), 39–55.
Xianpei, H., Menghuan, Z., & Yeming, G. (2021). Dilemma of quality information disclosure in technology licensing. European Journal of Operational Research, 294(2), 543–557.
Yan, Q., & Yang, L. (2018). Optimal licensing in a differentiated Bertrand market under uncertain R&D outcomes and technology spillover. Economic Modelling, 68, 117–126.
Yan, Z., & Yang, J. (2018). Two-part tariff licensing under uncertainty and technology spillovers. Review of Industrial Organization, 53(3), 491–516.
Zou, Y., & Chen, T.-L. (2020). Quality differentiation and product innovation licensing. Economic Modelling, 87, 372–382.

二、 中文文獻
劉淑琪（2014）。《以賽局理論探討已開發國與低度開發國的公司間技術合作之最適策略》。國立中山大學，經濟學研究所，碩士論文。
張嘉容（2023）。《授權與技術外溢下之異質寡占市場數量領導行為》。國立中山大學，經濟學研究所，碩士論文。
邱苡瑄（2023）。《授權與技術外溢下之差異化價格競爭行為》。國立中山大學，經濟學研究所，碩士論文。
黃毓晴（2023）。《授權與技術外溢下之差異化數量競爭行為》。國立中山大學，經濟學研究所，碩士論文。