隨著時代演進，人民的生活水準日益提升，交通與資訊也趨於發達。過去因資訊不對稱，權貴階層的貪腐行為往往難以被揭露，導致資源集中於少數人手中與貧富差距擴大。現今，民主制度日漸健全，其是否能透過監督與制衡機制改善資源分配、縮減社會差距，亦成為當代公共治理的重要議題。本研究旨在探討貪腐是否會加劇貧富差距，並進一步分析民主制度在其中是否具有調節作用。過往多以經濟發展程度為分析基礎，較少從制度面切入，故本研究以制度視角出發，評估民主程度對貪腐與所得不均關係的調節效果，並檢視其在民主成熟度不同之組別的差異。
本研究以2000年至2023年之全球縱橫資料為基礎，採用固定效果模型進行實證分析，透過設計交乘項以檢驗民主制度的調節效果，並進一步依民主成熟度進行分組，觀察其調節強度之差異。結果顯示，貪腐與所得不均呈正向關係，而民主制度具有顯著之調節效果，能抑制貪腐對所得不均的負面影響，且在民主制度較成熟的國家中效果更為明顯，突顯民主制度完善度的重要性。

As societies evolve, living standards, transportation, and information flow have improved significantly. In the past, information asymmetry made it difficult to expose corruption among privileged elites, leading to a concentration of resources and growing income inequality. With the advancement of democratic institutions, whether these systems can improve resource allocation and reduce inequality through oversight and checks and balances has become a key issue in public governance. This study examines whether corruption exacerbates income inequality and evaluates the moderating role of democratic institutions in this relationship. While previous studies have primarily focused on economic development, fewer have explored institutional perspectives. Accordingly, this research adopts an institutional approach to assess whether the degree of democracy moderates the relationship between corruption and income inequality, and whether the effect varies with democratic maturity.
Using global panel data from 2000 to 2023, this study applies a fixed effects model for empirical analysis. Interaction terms are constructed to capture moderating effects, and the sample is divided by democratic maturity to assess differences in effect strength. The results indicate that corruption is positively associated with income inequality, while democratic institutions significantly moderate this effect. This moderating role is more pronounced in countries with mature democratic systems, underscoring the importance of institutional development in addressing distributive inequality.

論文審定書i
致謝ii
摘要iii
Abstractiv
目錄v
圖次vii
表次viii
第一章 緒論1
第二章 文獻回顧6
2.1貪腐文獻回顧6
2.1.1貪腐的定義與觀點看法6
2.1.2多面向的貪腐機制7
2.1.3各地區貪腐與貧富差距相關實證文獻8
2.2民主文獻回顧12
2.2.1民主的定義12
2.2.2不同民主下的貪腐類型13
2.2.3 民主如何改善貪腐15
2.2.4民主對貪腐相關實證16
2.2.5控制變數對所得不均之相關實證20
2.3民主變數的調節效果22
第三章 資料與研究方法24
3.1資料來源24
3.2.研究方法24
3.3資料初析30
第四章 實證結果36
4.1不分組之估計結果36
4.2民主成熟度較高組與較低組之估計結果40
4.3小結44
第五章 結論46
5.1研究結果總結46
5.2政策建議47
5.3研究限制與未來研究方向48
參考文獻49

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