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論文名稱 Title |
COVID-19 前後美中臺三邊關係的影響和轉變(2018-2021) The Impact and Changes in U.S.-China-Taiwan Relations Before and After COVID-19 (2018-2021) |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
182 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2024-01-15 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2024-06-18 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
新冠肺炎、美中關係、臺美關係、兩岸關係、貿易依存度 Coronavirus disease, U.S.-China relations, U.S.- Taiwan relations, Cross-Straits relations, Foreign Trade Dependence Degree |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 63 次,被下載 6 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 63 times, has been downloaded 6 times. |
中文摘要 |
過往,研究傳染病衝擊國際關係的文獻相當稀少。自從2020年COVID-19疫情爆發後,病毒不僅衝擊人類的健康,也正悄悄地改變國際政治。特別是在研究美中強權框架下的臺灣(中華民國),COVID-19的出現,是否影響臺灣的國際關係和內部的政治經濟發展。因為美國和中國兩大強權的勢力消長,都可能改變臺灣的現況,製造新的平衡,種種因素無論直接或間接都將影響臺海情勢的穩定與否。因此,研究COVID-19影響下的美中臺三邊關係,成為研究傳染病影響國際關係當中,國際競爭和合作的一個重要實證案例。 其中,本文透過比較COVID-19前後美中臺三邊關係的變化,來詮釋美中臺各自的戰略思考。利用質化分析政治因素,蒐集鴿派和鷹派等不同視角的文獻,進行了一般性的討論;利用量化分析經貿因素,以實證的貿易資料進行佐證。分別判斷評估出美國、中國、臺灣在政治和經貿因素下的雙邊關係。最後,綜合政治與經貿兩個因素,共同形塑出在疫情前後,美中臺在三邊關係當中的變化情形。 最後研究結果顯示,在COVID-19的影響前後比較美中臺三邊關係,得出在經貿因素方面,對於三邊關係的影響,有明顯程度的改變。但在政治因素方面,則較無法判定是否有明確影響。 |
Abstract |
Previously, literature studying the impact of infectious diseases on international relations was quite sparse. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, the virus has not only impacted human health but has also quietly changed international politics. This is particularly evident when examining Taiwan (the Republic of China) under the U.S.-China power framework. The emergence of COVID-19 may affect Taiwan's international relations and its internal political and economic development. The rise and fall of the United States and China could alter the current situation in Taiwan, creating a new balance. Various factors will directly or indirectly affect the stability of the Taiwan Strait. Therefore, studying the U.S.-China-Taiwan triangular relationship under the influence of COVID-19 has become an important empirical case for understanding the impact of infectious diseases on international relations, competition, and cooperation. This article explains the respective strategic thinking of the United States, China, and Taiwan by comparing changes in their trilateral relations before and after COVID-19. It employs qualitative analysis of political factors, collecting literature from different perspectives such as doves and hawks, and conducting general discussions. It also uses quantitative analysis of economic and trade factors, supported by empirical trade data. The article evaluates bilateral relations between the United States, China, and Taiwan under political and trading economic factors. Ultimately, it concludes that the combination of these factors has shaped the changes in trilateral relations before and after the pandemic. The research findings indicate that economic and trade factors have significantly altered the trilateral relations between the United States, China, and Taiwan in the wake of COVID-19. However, the impact on political factors remains less clear. |
目次 Table of Contents |
論文審定書 i 誌謝 ii 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目錄 v 圖次 viii 第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機 7 第三節 研究目的與問題 9 第四節 研究範圍與限制 10 第五節 章節安排與架構 11 第貳章 文獻回顧 13 第一節 現實主義角度解釋疫病影響國際關係 13 第二節 自由主義角度解釋疫病影響國際關係 16 第三節 批判理論角度解釋疫病影響國際關係 20 第四節 COVID-19影響國際關係 23 第參章 研究途徑與方法 29 第一節 研究途徑 29 第二節 研究方法 31 第肆章 政治的美中臺三邊關係 33 第一節 美中關係 33 一、疫情前的美中關係(2018~2019) 33 二、疫情後的美中關係(2020~2021) 40 三、COVID-19前後對美中關係的影響 48 第二節 臺美關係 52 一、疫情前的臺美關係(2018~2019) 52 二、疫情後的臺美關係(2020~2021) 58 三、COVID-19前後對臺美關係的影響 62 第三節 兩岸關係 65 一、疫情前的兩岸關係(2018~2019) 65 二、疫情後的兩岸關係(2020~2021) 68 三、COVID-19前後對兩岸關係的影響 73 第伍章 經濟貿易發展的美中臺三邊關係 75 第一節 美中經濟貿易發展 75 一、疫情前的美中經貿互動(2018~2019) 75 二、疫情後的美中經貿互動(2020~2021) 83 三、COVID-19前後美中經貿發展的轉變 91 第二節 臺美經濟貿易發展 100 一、疫情前的臺美經貿互動(2018~2019) 100 二、疫情後的臺美經貿互動(2020~2021) 105 三、COVID-19前後臺美經貿發展的轉變 111 第三節 兩岸經濟貿易發展 119 一、疫情前的兩岸經貿互動(2018~2019) 119 二、疫情後的兩岸經貿互動(2020~2021) 126 三、COVID-19前後兩岸經貿發展的轉變 133 第陸章 研究結果與討論 141 第一節 COVID-19前後美中臺三邊關係的政治影響 141 第二節 COVID-19前後美中臺三邊關係的經貿發展轉變 146 第柒章 研究結論與建議 152 第一節 研究結論 152 第二節 研究建議與未來展望 155 參考文獻 158 一、中文部分 158 二、英文部分 165 |
參考文獻 References |
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王霜舟,2019,〈抗議《逃犯條例》,香港爆發大規模遊行〉,〈紐約時報中文網〉,06/10,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20190610/hong-kong-extradition-protest/zh-hant/,檢索日期:2020/10/22。 江今葉,2021,〈全球2021經濟成長率下修至5.9%〉,〈中央通訊社〉,10/12,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202110120348.aspx,檢索日期:2022/05/20。 自由時報,2020,〈中國Q1對美直接投資降至60億美元創11年新低〉,〈自由時報〉,05/11,https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3161762,檢索日期:2021/08/24。 余熙(長江日報),2020,〈獨家揭密:“火神山”、“雷神山”名字怎麼來的?〉,〈環球時報〉,01/26,https://3w.huanqiu.com/a/c36dc8/9CaKrnKp4sv,檢索日期:2020/10/03。 吳映璠,2019,〈長期抗戰!陸前高官:陸能給美致命一擊〉,〈中時新聞網〉,05/14,https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190514002092-260408?chdtv,檢索日期:2021/09/05。 宋杰,2020,〈【核武特工張憲義】叛逃科學家的愛國者遊戲〉,〈重大歷史懸疑案件調查辦公室〉,03/04,https://ohsir.tw/6156/,檢索日期:2021/04/22。 李詩敏、李振興,2020,〈新冠疫苗爭奪戰開跑 台灣起步早為何還落後?〉,〈聯合新聞網〉,12/22,https://topic.udn.com/event/COVID19_vaccines,檢索日期:2021/08/18。 李翰文,2021,〈中國抵制澳洲進口不果「殺雞儆猴」效果成疑〉,〈BBC News中文〉,04/26,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-56833622,檢索日期:2022/05/07。 林仕祥,2023,〈程建人揭密外交博弈:台灣與密國建交真值得?〉,〈遠見〉,03/23,https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/100960,檢索日期:2023/04/01。 林宗弘、陳志柔,2020,〈817震撼:綠營大勝裡的香港因素與社會意向〉,〈巷仔口社會學〉,01/14,https://twstreetcorner.org/2020/01/14/linthunghongchenchihjou/,檢索日期:2020/08/05。 邱國強,2020,〈武漢火神山醫院由共軍接管1400人進駐防疫〉,〈中央通訊社〉,02/02,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202002020185.aspx,檢索日期:2020/10/03。 姚惠茹,2021,〈新冠疫苗問世!莫德納、BNT崛起,國際疫苗大廠重新洗牌〉,〈科技新報〉,06/28,https://technews.tw/2021/06/28/moderna-biontech/,檢索日期:2021/11/24。 紀錦玲譯,陳亦偉核稿,2021,〈拜登致電英國首相強生 籲發起民主版一帶一路抗中〉,〈中央通訊社〉,03/27,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202103270041.aspx,檢索日期:2021/04/15。 美國之音,2019,〈貿易戰衝擊美國工人 特朗普稱將創造更多就業〉,〈美國之音〉,07/02,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/china-trade-tariff-global-worker-trump-20190701/4982720.html,檢索日期:2021/08/22。 _________,2023,〈美國學生赴華留學因疫情暴跌 美中關係惡化令後疫情前景不明〉,〈美國之音〉,03/19,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/americans-encounter-hurdles-to-studying-in-china-03192023/7012029.html,檢索日期:2023/03/20。 徐建峰,2022,〈不只2億!國發會加碼10億美元融資 擴大台灣、立陶宛經貿交流〉,〈上報〉,1/11,https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?Type=24&SerialNo=135026,檢索日期:2022/09/16。 康世人,2020,〈印度官員稱不參與RCEP因中國是侵略者〉,〈中央通訊社〉,11/18,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202011170189.aspx,檢索日期:2021/02/22。 張文馨,2021,〈中歐投資協定除外 歐盟:很多事情可與拜登合作〉,〈聯合新聞網〉,02/24,https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5272442,檢索日期:2021/02/27。 郭中翰,2021,〈白宮:戰略耐心政策不適用對於中國〉,〈中央通訊社〉,02/10,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202102100194.aspx,檢索日期:2021/04/03。 斯影,2021,〈孟晚舟獲釋背後的「魔鬼細節」 五個關鍵法律解讀〉,〈BBC News中文〉,09/29,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-58720740,檢索日期:2022/04/22。 辜樹仁、史書華,2021,〈中共軍機擾台常態化!習近平「拉滿弓、不射箭」目的是什麼?〉,〈天下雜誌〉,10/12,https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5118491?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily&_ga=2.181006497.729318896.1673216236-546858235.1619569310,檢索日期:2022/02/10。 馮兆音,2020,〈中美貿易戰持續近兩年,什麼改變了?〉,〈BBC News 中文〉,01/14,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-51099039,檢索日期:2021/08/24。 黃耀毅,2021,〈等来了:美国星期一宣布对华贸易政策评估 戴琪将与刘鹤通话〉,〈美國之音〉,10/04,https://www.voachinese.com/a/us-china-trade-tai-liu-talk-20211004/6256039.html,檢索日期:2022/04/22。 新聞實驗室,2021,〈台海成美中角力戰場-解讀共機擾台政治意涵〉,〈公視新聞網〉,11/10,https://news.pts.org.tw/project/china-warplane-activity/,檢索日期:2022/02/10。 楊日興,2019,〈再拿華為開刀 美政府採購禁用華為等5陸企用品〉,〈工商時報〉,08/08,https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20190808700171-430502,檢索日期:2021/08/24。 熊茂伶,2021,〈突破31萬億美元 美國國債“野蠻生長”引擔憂〉,〈新華社〉,10/05,http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.news.cn/fortune/2022-10/05/c_1129051402.htm,檢索日期:2022/05/07。 德國之聲,2021,〈2020年美中投資創12年來新低〉,〈德國之聲中文網〉,05/20,https://www.dw.com/zh/2020年美中投资创12年来新低/a-57595072,檢索日期:2022/05/07。 潘姿羽,2021,〈台灣今年經濟成長率估4.8%中經院:內熱外溫〉,〈中央通訊社〉,04/21,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202104210057.aspx,檢索日期:2021/05/02。 蘇龍麟,2021,〈經濟學人指台灣最危險 總統:政府有能力建安全屏障〉,〈中央通訊社〉,05/01,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202104300281.aspx,檢索日期:2021/05/02。 (六)官方資料 中華民國國防部,2020,〈即時軍事動態〉,https://www.mnd.gov.tw/PublishTable.aspx?Types=即時軍事動態&title=國防消息,檢索日期:2022/02/12。 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衛生福利部疾病管制署,2021,〈因應本土疫情持續嚴峻,指揮中心自即日起至5月28日止提升全國疫情警戒至第三級,各地同步加嚴、加大防疫限制,嚴守社區防線〉,05/19,https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/abDtRS-xzztQeAchjX9fqw?typeId=9,檢索日期:2021/08/18。 顏慧欣,2019,〈跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定(CPTPP):由來、意涵及前景〉,載於《WTO及RTA電子報專題分析彙編(2018年)》,中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心,台北,pp. 39-47。 二、 英文部分 I. 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Rosen, Daniel H. and Zhi Wang. 2011. The Implications of China-Taiwan Economic Liberalization (Vol. 93). Peterson Institute. Strange, Susan. 1995. “Political economy and international relations.” In International relations theory today. Polity Press Cambridge, 154. Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. 2019. “Chapter 6 - The United States and Taiwan’s Nuclear Weapons Program, 1967-1978.” In Defending Frenemies: Alliances, Politics, and Nuclear Nonproliferation in US Foreign Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. II. Journals Al Kaabi, N., Y. Zhang, S. Xia, Y. Yang, M. M. Al Qahtani, N. Abdulrazzaq, et al. 2021. “Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Jama 326(1): 35-45. Aldrich, J. H., C. Gelpi, P. Feaver, J. Reifler, and K. T Sharp. 2006. “Foreign policy and the electoral connection.” Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 9: 477-502. 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DeLisle, Jacques. 2018. “United States-Taiwan Relations: Tsai’s Presidency and Washington’s Policy.” China Review 18(3): 13-60. Drezner, Daniel W. 2020. “The song remains the same: International relations after COVID-19.” International Organization 74(S1): E18-E35. Fidler, David P. 1997. “The globalization of public health: emerging infectious diseases and international relations.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 11-51. _________. 1998. “Microbialpolitik: Infectious diseases and international relations.” Am. U. Int'l L. Rev., 14, 1. Gilboa, Eytan. 2005. “Global television news and foreign policy: Debating the CNN effect.” International Studies Perspectives 6(3): 325-341. Gorbalenya, A. E., S. C. Baker, R. S. Baric, R. J. D. Groot, C. Drosten, A. A. Gulyaeva, et al. 2020. “The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2.” Nature Microbiology 5(4): 536–544. Hsieh, Pasha L. 2011. “The China–Taiwan ECFA, geopolitical dimensions and WTO law.” Journal of International Economic Law 14(1): 121-156. Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya and Runya Qiaoan. 2021. “The politics of blaming: The narrative battle between China and the US over COVID-19.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 26(2): 295-315. Jiang, S., S. Xia, T. Ying, and L. Lu. 2020. “A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome.” Cellular & Molecular Immunology 17(5): 554. Johnson, Tana. 2020. “Ordinary patterns in an extraordinary crisis: How international relations makes sense of the COVID-19 pandemic.” International Organization 74(S1): E148-E168. Kempf, Tristan, Vito Bobek, and Tatjana Horvat. 2021. “The Impacts of the American-Chinese Trade War and COVID-19 Pandemic on Taiwan’s Sales in Semiconductor Industry.” International Journal of Economics and Finance 13(4): 1-62. Kickbusch, Ilona, Gaudenz Silberschmidt, and Paulo Buss. 2007. “Global health diplomacy: the need for new perspectives, strategic approaches and skills in global health.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85: 230-232. Kritzinger, S., M. Foucault, R. Lachat, J. Partheymüller, C. Plescia, and S. Brouard. 2021. “‘Rally round the flag’: the COVID-19 crisis and trust in the national government.” West European Politics 44(5-6): 1205-1231. Lau, Lawrence J. 2020. “The Impacts of the Trade War and the COVID-19 Epidemic on China-US Economic Relations.” China Review 20(4): 1-38. Liff , Adam P. 2019. “Unambivalent alignment: Japan’s China strategy, the US alliance, and the ‘hedging’ fallacy.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 19(3): 453-491. Lin, Hsuan-Yu. 2021. “COVID-19 and American attitudes toward US-China disputes.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 26(1): 139-168. Ottersen, Ole Petter and Eivind Engebretsen. 2020. “COVID-19 puts the sustainable development goals center stage.” Nature Medicine 26(11): 1672-1673. Oum, Tae Hoon and Kun Wang. 2020. “Socially optimal lockdown and travel restrictions for fighting communicable virus including COVID-19.” Transport Policy 96: 94-100. Park, Cyn-Young, Peter A. Petri, and Michael G. Plummer. 2021. “The economics of conflict and cooperation in the Asia-pacific: RCEP, CPTPP and the US-China trade war.” East Asian economic review 25(3): 233-272. Pevehouse, Jon. C. 2020. “The COVID-19 pandemic, international cooperation, and populism.” International Organization 74(S1): E191-E212. Self, W. H., M. W. Tenforde, J. P. Rhoads, M. Gaglani, A. A. Ginde, D. J. Douin, et al. 2021. “Comparative effectiveness of Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) vaccines in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among adults without immunocompromising conditions—United States, March–August 2021.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 70(38): 1337. Sidaway, James D., and Chih Yuan Woon. 2017. “Chinese narratives on ‘One Belt, One Road’(一带一路) in geopolitical and imperial contexts.” The Professional Geographer 69(4): 591-603. Spreeuwenberg, Peter, Madelon Kroneman, and John Paget. 2018. “Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.” American Journal of Epidemiology 187(12): 2561–2567. Tung, Chen-yuan. 2010. “The East Asian economic integration regime and Taiwan.” Asian Perspective 34(2): 83-112. Yan, Xuetong. 2010. “The instability of China–US relations.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3(3): 263-292. Zhang, Y., G. Zeng, H. Pan, C. Li, Y. Hu, K. Chu, et al. 2021. “Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 21(2): 181-192. III. Newspapers, Magazines, and Internet Information Addison, Craig. 2000. “A ‘Slicon Shield’ Protects Taiwan From China.” The New York Times. 09/29. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/29/opinion/IHT-a-silicon-shield-protects-taiwan-from-china.html (accessed on June 27, 2022). Cheung, Eric. 2023. “China thinks it’s diplomatically isolating Taiwan. It isn’t.” CNN. Updated March 24. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/24/asia/taiwan-diplomatic-allies-support-analysis-intl-hnk-dst/index.html (accessed on April 1, 2023). Christensen, Thomas J. 2020. “A modern tragedy? COVID-19 and US-China relations.” Brookings Institute. May. https://www.brookings.edu/research/a-modern-tragedy-covid-19-and-us-china-relations/ (accessed on December 30, 2022). CSIS. 2021. “A Conversation with Ambassador Katherine Tai, U.S. Trade Representative.” Center for Strategic & Internatioal Studies. October 4. https://www.csis.org/analysis/conversation-ambassador-katherine-tai-us-trade-representative (accessed on April 22, 2022). Devlin, Kat, Laura Silver, and Christine Huang. 2020. “U.S. views of China Increasingly Negative Amid Coronavirus Outbreak.” Pew Research Center. Last Updated April 21. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/04/21/u-s-views-of-china-increasingly-negative-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ (accessed on August 30, 2022). Financial Times. 2021. “Biden vs Trump: live results 2020.” Financial Times. Last updated February 9 https://ig.ft.com/us-election-2020/ (accessed on April 3, 2021). 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United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html World Health Organization (WHO). 2013. Pandemic Influenza Risk Management WHO Interim Guidance. _________. 2020. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report-1. _________. 2020. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report-10. |
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