本研究整合2020年7月臺灣近岸表水36個測站，及2004~2019年間採集並量測水文化學參數、營養鹽與溶解態微量金屬(鎘、銅、鐵、錳、鎳、鉛、鋅)濃度，合併海流資料、水文特徵、陸地雨量及河川逕流量資料；探討近岸表水物質濃度的時空變異與陸源輸出的影響，並估計各河川流域、臺灣不同區域輸出陸源物質到海洋的強度及長時間變化。
近岸表水的懸浮顆粒與矽酸鹽濃度反映各流域陸地風化作用強度；亞硝酸鹽加硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、溶解態微量金屬(銅、鎳、鋅)的空間變異與高濃度的再現性，受到高程度的陸地人為活動影響。本論文也透過分析了解陸地天氣變化對近岸表水物質濃度造成的影響:當陸地天氣變化、降雨增加時，可能陸地風化速率隨之增加，因此臺灣近岸表水矽酸鹽濃度呈現增加的現象。
根據海域流況、溫鹽資料判斷近岸表水可能受到的水團(南海或黑潮)混合影響，以不同水團的海洋終點端濃度與近岸表水結果估計有效河川終點端濃度(C0*)，再加上陸地人為活動資訊，比較陸源物質的輸出與陸地人為活動的關聯。因臺灣人口大多聚集於西半部，且區域性發展差異，西半部農業、畜牧業、工業發展程度較高，C0*空間分布結果顯示臺灣西部河川輸出較高的人為活動影響物質濃度。除此之外，透過河川逕流量資料，了解各河川的C0*變異是否受到天氣改變、河川逕流量的增減影響，分析結果顯示臺灣大部分的河川C0*不受河川逕流量增加而呈現稀釋作用，表示流域內的陸地輸入源(通量)隨時間而異。
為了探討臺灣北、中、南、東四區域輸出陸源物質的空間差異，使用C0*、區域逕流量以及區域面積估算單位面積輸出的物質產量，結果顯示受到區域性發展影響，物質產量呈現顯著的時空變異，與臺灣土地利用差異有關係，本研究據此估計臺灣各區域向海洋傳輸物質的通量並討論其差異。

Near-shore coastal water samples from 36 locations off Taiwan were collected during 2004~2020 and hydrochemical parameters and dissolved trace element (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentrations were determined, in order to investigate their spatial and temporal variability. These results were linked with regional flow patterns, precipitation on land, river discharge, and land use information to assert their effects. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and silicate concentrations indicated weathering extent and variability of nitrite+nitrate, phosphate, Cu, Ni, Zn in nearshore coastal water were attributed to influence of anthropogenic sources. Effects of weather conditions on chemical distributions in near-shore waters were investigated using this large dataset with multiple locations having long-term information.
Near-shore waters reflected mixing between oceanic water and that from rivers. This study used flow conditions, salinity and temperature characteristics, and measured composition in coastal waters to derive effective river endmember concentration (C0*). Variability of effective river endmember concentrations were further evaluated with influences from river hydrology (precipitation and discharge rates) and human activities (population density, industrialization, agriculture).
Using information of river hydrology and land use, material yields were estimated and fluxes of individual watershed, regions (east, north, central and south), and east and west coast were estimated and evaluated, which demonstrated different extent of human development in varying parts of Taiwan.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xv
第1章 前言 1
1.1 近岸環境重要性 1
1.2 近岸表水物質的重要輸入來源 1
1.3 近岸物質濃度的時空差異 2
1.4 研究區域 3
1.4.1 環境背景條件 3
1.4.2 陸源輸出 4
1.4.3 河川水質的長期監測 5
1.5 研究目的 6
第2章 材料與方法 7
2.1 採樣位置與數據使用 7
2.2 採樣方法 10
2.2.1 採樣器材準備 10
2.2.2 現場採樣與樣品前處理 11
2.3 實驗方法與樣品分析 12
2.3.1 分析方法 12
2.3.2 溶解態微量金屬濃度測定 14
2.4 數據處理 17
2.4.1 海流、溫鹽圖 18
2.4.2 降雨量 18
2.4.3 逕流量 21
2.4.4 近岸表水鹽度、物質濃度(C) 23
2.4.5 有效河川終點端濃度(C0*) 23
2.4.6 陸地人為活動指標 25
2.4.7 物質產量與通量 25
第3章 結果與討論 31
3.1 近岸水文條件與陸地天氣狀況 31
3.1.1 研究調查期間海流概況 31
3.1.2 陸地天氣概況 53
3.2 近岸表水物質濃度的時空分布 61
3.2.1 陸地輸出強度 61
3.2.2 自然風化作用產物 64
3.2.3 人為活動影響的物質 68
3.2.4 與懸浮顆粒有關的物質 75
3.2.5 與河口環境條件有關的物質 83
3.2.6 臺灣與其他大陸邊緣的近岸表水物質濃度 87
3.2.7 陸地天氣型態的影響 92
3.2.8 特定流域的輸出 103
3.3 有效河川終點端濃度(C0*) 110
3.3.1 C0*與其他文獻比較的差異 110
3.3.2 河川逕流量的稀釋效應 124
3.3.3 陸源物質的輸出與陸地人為活動的關係 129
3.3.4 長期的河川水質概況 135
3.4 物質產量與通量 138
3.4.1 物質產量(單一流域、區域) 138
3.4.2 物質通量(單一流域、東西岸) 147
第4章 結論 151
參考文獻 153
附表Ⅰ 160
附圖Ⅰ 164
附圖Ⅱ 181
附圖Ⅲ 189

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