本論文結合自我注入鎖定技術與訊號接收時間差的測距方法實現一適用2.4 GHz之ISM頻段同時於室內進行定位及偵測生理訊號的無線感測系統。系統架構主要包含一有源感測標籤及數個接收單元。感測標籤電路含有自我注入鎖定振盪器，輻射出的頻率調制訊號用於偵測受測者之生理徵象及所在位置，並可以太陽能電池電路作其供電來源。接收單元中含有正交頻率解調器，用於提取調制訊號所攜帶的呼吸、心跳及位置訊息，並在正交解調器的設計中導入注入鎖定振盪器，提供用以執行非同步解調的時間延遲效應，因而本論文的接收單元無須時間同步機制，搭配反正切解調處理，即使各正交解調器中的元件有些微時間不平衡，解調出的基頻訊號也不致失真。在本論文設計的感測實驗中，室內六十四平方公尺的範圍最小估計位置誤差可達10公分，並且利用分頻多重存取的方式，可同時偵測到兩名受測者的生理徵象及位置資訊；此外，受測者在感測過程中的身體晃動影響，可透過頻譜乘積之自相關性運算加以降低，使感測結果保持正確而可判讀。

This thesis aims to develop a wireless sensing system for use at 2.4 GHz ISM band in detection of the vital signs and indoor locations of the target subjects. The sensor, an active tag with a self-injection-locked (SIL) oscillator, transmits the carrier signal that is frequency-modulated (FM) by the Doppler signal of the cardiopulmonary activity and the tuning voltage signal of the SIL oscillator; the injection-locked (IL) I/Q receivers perform arctangent demodulation of the FM signal to obtain the subjects’ vital signs and position information. The SIL technology ensures high sensitivity of vital sign detection while the IL I/Q receivers locate the targets without using reference signals. The designed system achieves a minimum of 10 cm location error within an 8-by-8 meter square area in an indoor environment. In the experiment, the frequency division multiple access technology is employed to detect different subjects. Moreover, fidgeting effect on the detection of vital signs has been greatly reduced by a spectral product approach.

論文審定書 ..................................................................................................................... i
誌謝 ............................................................................................................................... ii
中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ iii
英文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ iv
目錄 ............................................................................................................................... v
圖次 ............................................................................................................................... vii
表次 ............................................................................................................................... ix
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻探討 ................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 無線室內定位方法 ................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 生理訊號偵測雷達 ................................................................................................... 7
1.3 論文章節組織 ............................................................................................................ 12
第二章 室內定位生理訊號系統設計原理 ............................................................................. 14
2.1 應用於生理徵象感測之自我注入鎖定理論 ..................................................................... 14
2.2 定位系統的設計考量 .................................................................................................. 22
2.3 感測與定位結果之理論預測 ........................................................................................ 27
第三章 室內定位生理訊號混成電路實驗 ............................................................................ 29
3.1 含有自我注入鎖定振盪器之有源標籤設計 .................................................................... 29
3.1.1 標籤元件設計 ........................................................................................................ 29
3.1.2 標籤之量測結果與太陽能電源電路 ........................................................................... 36
3.2 注入鎖定式正交接收機設計 ....................................................................................... 40
3.2.1 含有注入鎖定振盪器之正交解調單元 ....................................................................... 40
3.2.2 基頻訊號的反正切解調處理 .................................................................................... 42
3.3 室內定位生理訊號實驗 ............................................................................................. 43
3.3.1 生理徵象感測結果 ................................................................................................. 44
3.3.2 無線室內定位量測結果 .......................................................................................... 47
第四章 結論 .................................................................................................................. 51
參考文獻 ...................................................................................................................... 53

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