過去關於社交活動的研究主要集中在參與下班後的社交活動及其對資源恢復的好處，本研究將焦點從「活動參與者」轉換成「接受邀請並參與」的活動邀請人和活動被邀請人的角度進行探討。為了探討這兩種角色，本研究進行兩項研究。在研究一中，基於社會交換和需求滿足的觀點，提出當員工收到同事的邀請並且這些同事擁有高品質同事交換質量和高社會地位時，員工更有可能接受邀請並參與社交活動。這種接受增加了員工的關係滿足，進而影響員工隔天的主動幫助行為。在研究二中，透情感事件理論的探討活動邀請人的觀點。研究發現，當員工作為活動邀請者向同事發出邀請，且同事接受邀請被去參加社交活動時，會增加員工的興奮感並促進對同事的組織公民行為。此外，同事接受邀請並參加社交活動時，會降低員工的關係焦慮，從而減少人際退縮行為。此外，研究結果亦顯示，親和性會干擾前述的兩個結果。這兩項研究分別採用不同的方法：研究一使用了事件經驗抽樣法，而研究二則使用了時間間隔的與不同來源的研究設計方法。

Research on social activity has primarily focused on engaging in after-work social activities and benefits for resource recovery. This research shifts the focus from participation in activities to the roles of invitation acceptance, from recipient and initiator’s perspectives. To examine these two roles, this research employed two studies. In Study 1, using social exchange and need fulfillment perspectives, it is proposed that when employees receive invitations from coworkers with high coworker exchange quality and high workplace status, they are more likely to accept invitations. This acceptance increases employee’s sense of relatedness, leading to proactive helping the next day. In Study 2, the initiators’ viewpoint is explored through the lens of Affective Events Theory (AET). The research reveals that when employees, as initiators, extend invitations to coworkers and those invitations are accepted, it bolsters employees' excitement and promotes organizational citizenship behavior toward coworkers (OCBI). Additionally, coworkers’ invitation acceptance reduces relational anxiety, thereby decreasing interpersonal avoidance. Agreeableness is identified as a moderating factor in these dynamics. The two studies employed different methodologies: Study 1 used the experience event-based sampling method (ESM), while Study 2 utilized a time-lagged, multi-source design.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
INTRODUCTION 1
TEHORY AND HYPOTHESES 8
The nature of after-work social activity invitations in the workplace 8
Coworker exchange and employee’s invitation acceptance 10
Coworker workplace status and employee’s invitation acceptance 11
Employee’s invitation acceptance, indebtedness, and next-day proactive helping: Social exchange perspective 12
Employee’s invitation acceptance, relatedness need satisfaction, and next-day proactive helping: Need fulfillment perspective 14
From Receiving to Initiating: Coworker’s invitations acceptance as work event 16
Affective Event Theory (AET) and Coworker’s Invitation Acceptance 16
Coworker’s initiation acceptance, excitement, and OCBI 17
Coworker’s initiation acceptance, relational anxiety, and interpersonal avoidance 19
Moderating effect of agreeableness 21
METHOD 23
Study Overview 23
Study 1 Method 23
Study 2 Method 27
RESULTS 30
Results (Study 1) 30
Results (Study 2) 33
DISCUSSION 38
Theoretical implications 39
Practical implications 40
Limitations and suggestions for future research 42
CONCLUSION 44
REFERENCE 46
APPENDIX 55

REFERENCE

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Oerlemans, W., & Sonnentag, S. (2013). Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1796
Barrett, L. F. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report ratings of experienced emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 87(2), 266-281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and job performance: Test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.1.43
Bauer, D. J., Preacher, K. J., & Gil, K. M. (2006). Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation in multilevel models: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 11(2), 142-163. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.142
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117, 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
Beal, D. J. (2015). ESM 2.0: State of the Art and Future Potential of Experience Sampling Methods in Organizational Research. In F. P. Morgeson (Ed.), Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Vol 2 (Vol. 2, pp. 383-407). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111335
Belliveau, M. A., Oreilly, C. A., & Wade, J. B. (1996). Social capital at the top: Effects of social similarity and status on CEO compensation. Academy of Management Journal, 39(6), 1568-1593. https://doi.org/10.2307/257069
Belmi, P., & Pfeffer, J. (2015). How “organization” can weaken the norm of reciprocity: The effects of attributions for favors and a calculative mindset. Academy of Management Discoveries, 1(1), 36-57. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2014.0015
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In H. C. B. Triandis, J. W. (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Methodology (pp. 389-444). Boston, MA, United States: Allyn & Bacon.
Cacioppo, J. T., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.191
Carpenter, N. C., Berry, C. M., & Houston, L. (2014). A meta-analytic comparison of self-reported and other-reported organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(4), 547-574. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1909
Casciaro, T., & Lobo, M. S. (2005). Competent jerks lovable fools, and the formation of social networks. Harvard Business Review, 83(6), 92-99.
Chen, Z. J., Takeuchi, R., & Shum, C. (2013). A Social Information Processing Perspective of Coworker Influence on a Focal Employee. Organization Science, 24(6), 1618-1639. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2013.0820
Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of applied psychology, 93(5), 1082-1103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1082
Colquitt, J. A., Baer, M. D., Long, D. M., & Halvorsen-Ganepola, M. D. K. (2014). Scale Indicators of Social Exchange Relationships: A Comparison of Relative Content Validity (vol 99, pg 599, 2014). Journal of applied psychology, 99(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037049
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and individual differences, 13(6), 653-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dalal, R. S., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E. R., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A within-person approach to work behavior and performance: Concurrent and lagged citizenship-counterproductivity associations, and dynamic relationships with affect and overall job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 1051-1066. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.44636148
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., & Rouby, D. A. (2009). Social Exclusion and Early-Stage Interpersonal Perception: Selective Attention to Signs of Acceptance. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(4), 729-741. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014634
Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the big five. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73(6), 1246-1256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1246
Dimotakis, N., Scott, B. A., & Koopman, J. (2011). An experience sampling investigation of workplace interactions, affective states, and employee well-being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(4), 572-588. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.722
Djurdjevic, E., Stoverink, A. C., Klotz, A. C., Koopman, J., Veiga, S. P. D., Yam, K. C., & Chiang, J. T. J. (2017). Workplace Status: The Development and Validation of a Scale. Journal of applied psychology, 102(7), 1124-1147. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000202
Donnelly, G. E., Wilson, A. V., Whillans, A. V., & Norton, M. I. (2021). Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 31(4), 726-745. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1226
Dumas, T. L., Phillips, K. W., & Rothbard, N. P. (2013). Getting closer at the company party: Integration experiences, racial dissimilarity, and workplace relationships. Organization Science, 24(5), 1377-1401. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0808
Farmer, S. M., Van Dyne, L., & Kamdar, D. (2015). The contextualized self: How team–member exchange leads to coworker identification and helping OCB. Journal of applied psychology, 100(2), 583-595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037660
Fisher, C. D. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of real-time affective reactions at work. Motivation and emotion, 26(1), 3-30, Article Unsp 0146-7239/02/0300-0003/0. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015190007468
Flynn, F. J. (2003). How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 539-553.
Flynn, F. J., & Brockner, J. (2003). It's different to give than to receive: Predictors of givers' and receivers' reactions to favor exchange. Journal of applied psychology, 88(6), 1034-1045. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1034
Flynn, F. J., & Yu, A. (2021). Better to Give Than Reciprocate? Status and Reciprocity in Prosocial Exchange. Journal of personality and social psychology, 121(1), 115-136. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000349
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology - The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
Fritz, C., & Sonnentag, S. (2006). Recovery, well-being, and performance-related outcomes: The role of workload and vacation experiences. Journal of applied psychology, 91(4), 936-945. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.936
Gabriel, A. S., Podsakoff, N. P., Beal, D. J., Scott, B. A., Sonnentag, S., Trougakos, J. P., & Butts, M. M. (2019). Experience sampling methods: a discussion of critical trends and considerations for scholarly advancement. Organizational Research Methods, 22(4), 969-1006. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428118802626
George, J. M. (1991). State or Trait - Effects of Positive Mood on Prosocial Behaviors at Work. Journal of applied psychology, 76(2), 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.299
Givi, J., & Kirk, C. P. (2023). Saying no: The negative ramifications from invitation declines are less severe than we think. Journal of personality and social psychology, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000443
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative" description of personality": the big-five factor structure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1216-1229.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tiburg, the Netherlands: Tiburg University Press.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 161-178.
Goyal, N., Adams, M. M., Wice, M., Sullivan, S., & Miller, J. G. (2022). Gratitude endures while indebtedness persuades: investigating the unique influences of gratitude and indebtedness in helping. Cognition & emotion, 36(7), 1361-1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2022.2118237
Grant, A. M., & Gino, F. (2010). A Little Thanks Goes a Long Way: Explaining Why Gratitude Expressions Motivate Prosocial Behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98(6), 946-955. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017935
Graziano, W. G., & Tobin, R. M. (2002). Agreeableness: Dimension of personality or social desirability artifact? Journal of Personality, 70(5), 695-727. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05021
Greenberg, M. S. (1980). A theory of indebtedness. In Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 3-26). Springer.
Greenwood, D., Long, C. R., & Dal Cin, S. (2013). Fame and the social self: The need to belong, narcissism, and relatedness predict the appeal of fame. Personality and individual differences, 55(5), 490-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.020
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J.-P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the "COR": Understanding the Role of Resources in Conservation of Resources Theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334-1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130
Heppner, W. L., Kernis, M. H., Nezlek, J. B., Foster, J., Lakey, C. E., & Goldman, B. M. (2008). Within-Person Relationships Among Daily Self-Esteem, Need Satisfaction, and Authenticity. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1140-1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02215.x
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of Resources in the Organizational Context: The Reality of Resources and Their Consequences. In F. Morgeson (Ed.), Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 103-128). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Ilies, R., Lanaj, K., Pluut, H., & Goh, Z. (2018). Intrapersonal and interpersonal need fulfillment at work: Differential antecedents and incremental validity in explaining job satisfaction and citizenship behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.07.005
Lazarus, R. S. (1991a). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991b). Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 819-834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.8.819
Lee, H. W., Bradburn, J., Johnson, R. E., Lin, S.-H., & Chang, C.-H. (2019). The benefits of receiving gratitude for helpers: A daily investigation of proactive and reactive helping at work. Journal of applied psychology, 104(2), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000346
Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship Behavior and Workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.1.131
Lu, J. Y., Fang, Q. W., & Qiu, T. (2023). Rejecters Overestimate the Negative Consequences They Will Face From Refusal. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied, 29(2), 280-291. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000457
Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. Academy of Management Annals, 2, 352-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211628
Martinko, M. J., & Thomson, N. F. (1998). A synthesis and extension of the Weiner and Kelley attribution models. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20(4), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2004_4
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(6), 1586-1603. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of applied psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, O. B. (2016). Mplus User’s Guide. In Los Angeles, CA: Author.
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2015). Felt obligations to reciprocate to an employer, preferences for mobility across employers, and gender: Three-way interaction effects on subsequent voice behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.07.005
Nifadkar, S. S., & Bauer, T. N. (2016). Breach of Belongingness: Newcomer Relationship Conflict, Information, and Task-Related Outcomes During Organizational Socialization. Journal of applied psychology, 101(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000035
Peng, C., Nelissen, R. M. A., & Zeelenberg, M. (2018). Reconsidering the roles of gratitude and indebtedness in social exchange. Cognition & emotion, 32(4), 760-772. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1353484
Pickett, C. L., Gardner, W. L., & Knowles, M. (2004). Getting a cue: The need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1095-1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203262085
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It. In S. T. Fiske, D. L. Schacter, & S. E. Taylor (Eds.), Annual Review of Psychology (Vol. 63, pp. 539-569). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
Puranik, H., Koopman, J., & Vough, H. C. (2021). Excuse me, do you have a minute? An exploration of the dark- and bright-side effects of daily work interruptions for employee well-being. Journal of applied psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000875
Reis, H. T., & Patrick, B. C. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes.
Rothbard, N. P., & Wilk, S. L. (2011). Waking Up on the Right or Wrong Side of the Bed: Start-of-Workday Mood, Work Events, Employee Affect, and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 959-980. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.0056
Russell, J. A. (1980). A Circumplex Model of Affect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(6), 1161-1178. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2(3-33).
Sackett, P. R., & Larson Jr, J. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 419-489). Consulting Psychologists Press.
Sandstrom, G. M., & Dunn, E. W. (2014a). Is efficiency overrated? Minimal social interactions lead to belonging and positive affect. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 437-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613502990
Sandstrom, G. M., & Dunn, E. W. (2014b). Social interactions and well-being: The surprising power of weak ties. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(7), 910-922. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214529799
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02296192
Schoenrade, P. A., Batson, C. D., Brandt, J. R., & Loud, R. E. (1986). Attachment, accountability, and motivation to benefit another not in distress. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(3), 557-563. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.557
Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 43(1), 118-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(89)90060-5
Selig, J. P., & Preacher, K. J. (2008). Monte Carlo method for assessing mediation: An interactive tool for creating confidence intervals for indirect effects [Computer software]. In.
Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Sahdra, B., & Gross, J. (2016). Attachment security as a foundation for kindness toward self and others. The Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena, 10.
Sherony, K. M., & Green, S. G. (2002). Coworker exchange: Relationships between coworkers, leader-member exchange, and work attitudes. Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 542-548. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021.9010.87.3.542
Sonnentag, S. (2001). Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: a diary study. Journal of occupational health psychology, 6(3), 196-210. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.6.3.196
Sonnentag, S., Cheng, B. H., & Parker, S. L. (2022). Recovery from work: Advancing the field toward the future. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9, 33-60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091355
Sonnentag, S., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2006). Job characteristics and off-job activities as predictors of need for recovery, well-being, and fatigue. Journal of applied psychology, 91(2), 330-350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.330
Spitzmuller, M., & Van Dyne, L. (2013). Proactive and reactive helping: Contrasting the positive consequences of different forms of helping. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 560-580. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1848
Steed, L. B., Swider, B. W., Keem, S., & Liu, J. T. (2021). Leaving Work at Work: A Meta-Analysis on Employee Recovery From Work. Journal of Management, 47(4), 867-897, Article 0149206319864153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319864153
Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.002
Tamir, M. (2016). Why Do People Regulate Their Emotions? A Taxonomy of Motives in Emotion Regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(3), 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315586325
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). Staying Engaged During the Week: The Effect of Off-Job Activities on Next Day Work Engagement. Journal of occupational health psychology, 17(4), 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029213
Tsang, J. A. (2006). The effects of helper intention on gratitude and indebtedness. Motivation and emotion, 30(3), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9031-z
Van Boven, L., & Ashworth, L. (2007). Looking forward, looking back: Anticipation is more evocative than retrospection. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 136(2), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.289
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 981-1002. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909x481382
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 18, pp. 1-74). JAI.
Welsh, D. T., Baer, M. D., Kim, J. K., Thiel, C., & Smith, I. H. (2022). Desirable or deceitful? How social exchange dynamics shape responses to pro-coworker unethical behavior. Personnel Psychology, 75(3), 619-644. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12483
Welsh, D. T., Outlaw, R., Newton, D. W., & Baer, M. D. (2022). The Social Aftershocks of Voice: An Investigation of Employees? Affective and Interpersonal Reactions After Speaking Up. Academy of Management Journal, 65(6), 2034-2057. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2019.1187
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
Zevon, M. A., & Tellegen, A. (1982). The Structure of Mood Change: An Idiographic/Monothetic Analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 43(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.111
Zhang, Z., Zyphur, M. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). Testing Multilevel Mediation Using Hierarchical Linear Models Problems and Solutions. Organizational Research Methods, 12(4), 695-719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108327450