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博碩士論文 etd-0629110-101038 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0629110-101038
論文名稱
Title
利用螢光光譜儀快速篩選重金屬污染土壤之研究
Fast screening of metal contaminated soil using a x-ray fluorescence method
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
117
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2010-06-11
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2010-06-29
關鍵字
Keywords
螢光分析、篩選分析、重金屬、土壤
heavy metals, XRF, detection capability, decision limit, ICP-OES, soil, screening analysis
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5800 times, has been downloaded 7 times.
中文摘要
本研究以建立土壤重金屬快速篩選方法為目的,利用螢光分析儀來求取土壤金屬元素的decision limit (CCα)及detection capability(CCβ),以建立土壤金屬濃度篩選範圍,再以王水消化法消化並以感應偶合電漿原子發射光譜儀分析鉛、鎘、鋅、鎳、鉻及銅六種金屬元素,來查核篩選範圍準確性。操作條件;首先以土壤參考標準樣品,建立方法及評估其適用性,最後以趨近管制值之土壤濃度來建立此方法以探討方法之適用性及可能的影響。希望藉此研究成果能提供一快速、準確、靈敏之土壤重金屬篩選方法,而達到節省分析成本的目標。
研究結果顯示,參考標準土壤銅:篩除率為79.7%,敏感度為43.6%,精確度為87.7%;參考標準土壤鉛:篩除率為91.5%,敏感度為8.3%,精確度為91.5%;參考標準土壤鉻:篩除率為100%,敏感度為0%,精確度為100%;參考標準土壤鎳:篩除率為96.1%,敏感度為0%,精確度為92.4%;參考標準土壤鋅:篩除率為82.4%,敏感度為69.2%,精確度為87.1%;趨近管制值之土壤銅:篩除率為83.0%,敏感度為30.8%,精確度為84.3%。篩選率及精確度皆有達到八成,在敏感度方面的表現不佳,含水率為主要的干擾因子。
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop a rapid determination method for heavy metals in soil. Using X-ray fluorescence to obtain soil metals decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ), to establish the scope of soil metal concentration selection. Then aqua regia digestion digestion and ICP-OES analysis of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu area to check the accuracy of
screening. Operating conditions; First, the soil standard samples for the Establishment and assessment of the applicability of the standard. Finally,using of the soil near the control standard establish methods and explore ways to establish the applicability and potential impact. I hope this research can provide a fast, accurate, and sensitivity of soil heavy metal screening, to achieve savings of cost.
The results show that the standard reference soil Cu: screening rate was 79.7%, sensitivity was 43.6% and an specificity of 87.7%; reference standard soil Pb: screening rate was 91.5%, a sensitivity of 8.3% specificity 91.5%;reference standard soil Cr:screening rate was 100%, sensitivity was 0%, 100% specificity; reference standard soil Ni: screening rate was 96.1%, sensitivity was 0%, specificity 92.4%; reference standard soil Zn: screening rate was 82.4%, sensitivity was 69.2%, specificity 87.1%; reaching control values of soil Cu: screening rate was 83.0%, sensitivity was 30.8%, specificity of 84.3%. Screening rate and specificity with 80%, the sensitivity poor areas, water was the major disturbance factor.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論..........................................................................1
1-1 研究緣起.........................................................................1
1-2 研究目的與研究內容.....................................................2
第二章 研究背景與文獻回顧...............................................3
2-1 重金屬的毒性與對人體的危害性 ................................3
2-2 土壤重金屬污染.............................................................5
2-2-1 重金屬污染來源及污染案例.....................................5
2-2-2 重金屬污染整治技術及案例.....................................6
2-2-3 土壤壤重金屬污染監測與分析方法.......................11
2-3 土壤中重金屬分析方法之研究...................................15
2-3-1 分析方法驗證與應用...............................................15
2-3-2 求取decision limit及detection capability 之方法..........................................................................................17
2-3-3 X-射線螢光光譜儀應用...........................................21
第三章實驗材料與方法......................................................23
3-1 研究內容.......................................................................23
3-2 研究架構.......................................................................24
3-3 土壤樣品來源...............................................................25
3-3-1 供試土壤樣品...........................................................25
3-3-2 土壤標準參考樣品...................................................26
3-4 實驗方法與材料...........................................................27
3-5 儀器設備與器材...........................................................28
3-6 實驗架構.......................................................................32
3-7 實驗方法.......................................................................33
3-7-1方法之確效(Jean et al.,2002).................................33
3-7-2 X-射線螢光光譜儀分析(簡稱XRF)(NIEA S322.60C)..........................................................................36
3-7-3 土壤水分含量測定方法-重量法(NIEA S280.61C)..........................................................................37
3-7-4 土壤中重金屬檢測方法-王水消化法(NIEA S321.63B)..........................................................................39
3-7-5 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀分析(簡稱ICP-OES)....................................................................................40
3-8 品質管制.......................................................................41
3-8-1 檢量線製備(NIEA-PA103)......................................41
3-8-2 方法偵測極限與儀器偵測極限...............................42
3-8-3 空白樣品分析...........................................................42
3-8-4 重複樣品分析...........................................................43
3-8-5 查核樣品分析...........................................................43
3-8-6 添加樣品分析...........................................................43
3-9 數據統計分析...............................................................44
第四章結果與討論..............................................................46
4-1 土壤分析方法探討.......................................................46
4-2 土壤分析探討...............................................................47
4-2-1 X-射線螢光光譜儀分析(NIEA S322.60C).............47
4-2-2 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀分析(NIEA W311.51B) .........................................................................52
4-3 土樣分析之品質管制...................................................56
4-3-1 XRF 樣品查核...........................................................56
4-3-2 ICP-OES方法偵測極限(MDL)與品質管制............57
4-4 篩選方法之建立...........................................................57
4-4-1 標準土壤分析探討...................................................58
4-4-2 XRF分析結果與ICP-OES查核結果之比較...........60
4-4-3 真實土壤分析探討(以銅為例)................................74
4-4-4、參考標準土壤與真實土壤比較............................78
第五章 結論與建議.............................................................80
5-1、結論............................................................................80
5-2、建議............................................................................82
參考文獻..............................................................................83
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