在全球氣候變遷與永續發展議題日益受到關注的背景下，理解促使個人採取親環境行動的社會心理因素，已成為環境社會學與政治心理學研究的重要課題。過往研究普遍指出，政治意識形態對環保態度具有顯著影響，但關於其是否能轉化為具體行動，尤其是在民眾領域的親環境行為，則仍存有爭議。
本研究旨在探討台灣社會中政治意識形態對於民眾層次親環境行為之影響，採用2020年「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第八期環境組全國代表性問卷資料，運用多元迴歸及有序邏輯斯迴歸模型進行實證分析。研究結果發現，政治意識形態與民眾親環境行為之間無穩定且顯著的關聯，顯示政黨認同未必能有效轉化為具體的環保行動。相較之下，女性、年長者及教育程度較高者較傾向實踐親環境行為。本文揭示了在台灣情境下，政治認同雖具象徵意涵，卻不足以單獨解釋日常環保實踐，環境政策應超越政黨分野，著眼於價值內化與社會支持機制之建構，方能有效推動全民參與與綠色轉型。

Amid rising global concern over climate change and sustainable development, identifying the social and psychological drivers of pro-environmental behavior has become a central topic in environmental sociology and political psychology. Although political ideology is known to shape environmental attitudes, its influence on actual private-sphere behavior remains uncertain.
This study investigates whether political ideology affects private pro-environmental behavior in Taiwan. Using nationally representative data from the 2020 Environmental Module of the Taiwan Social Change Survey, the analysis applies multiple linear and ordered logistic regression models. Results show that political ideology does not consistently predict pro-environmental actions, indicating that party affiliation alone does not translate into behavioral engagement. In contrast, women, older individuals, and those with higher education levels are more likely to act pro-environmentally. These findings suggest that in Taiwan, symbolic political identity is insufficient to explain everyday environmental behavior. Effective policies should thus move beyond partisan divides and focus on internalized values and supportive social structures to advance public participation and green transformation.

論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章 理論背景與研究模式 5
2.1 政治意識形態與親環境行為 5
2.2 親環境行為動機：自我決定論 8
2.3 親環境行為動機：社會認同理論 10
第三章 研究假說 13
第四章 研究設計 19
4.1 資料來源和研究設計 19
4.2 變數測量 20
4.2.1 自變數：政治意識形態 22
第五章 迴歸模型分析與結果 28
5.1 模型建構與統計方法說明 28
5.2 研究模型之結果分析 29
5.2.1 模型一：整體親環境行為 29
5.2.2 模型二：購物袋使用頻率 32
5.2.3 模型三：免洗餐具使用頻率 36
5.2.4 模型四：瓶裝水或紙杯使用頻率 38
5.2.5 模型五：使用手帕代替面紙 41
5.2.6 模型六：資源回收分類行為 44
5.2.7 模型七：拒買不環保產品行為 47
5.3 小結 51
第六章 結論 53
6.1 主要研究發現 54
6.2 研究限制與未來研究展望 54
參考資料 58

一、中文部分
王靖興（2021）。〈臺灣選民的人格特質、政治態度與黨派屬性〉。《臺灣民主季刊》，18（4），75–106。
吳乃德（1999）。〈家庭社會化和意識型態：台灣選民政黨認同的世代差異〉。《台灣社會學研究》，3，53–85。
邵宗海、唐玉禮（2005）。〈臺灣地區的族群差異意識與政治參與〉。《展望與探索月刊》，3（10），53–73。
徐生權（2019）。〈意識形態與中國居民的環保態度〉。《中國大陸研究》，62（1），101–126。
原承君（2016）。〈我國民眾對環境公共財及環境政策偏好之探討〉（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北大學。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1303201714250276
楊惟任（2021）。〈如何實踐有效的全球治理？〉。《全球政治評論》，（5），45–70。
謝沛學（2003）。〈全球治理─國際合作的新模式？〉（碩士論文，國立中山大學）。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/pumm9g
蘇緯政（2023）。〈由全球治理思維析論臺灣推動氣候外交之策略〉（碩士論文，國立政治大學）。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0004-0000202400000001
陳文俊（2003）。〈藍與綠—台灣選民的政治意識形態初探〉。《選舉研究》，10（1），41–80。https://doi.org/10.6612/tjes.2003.10.01.41-80
鄧志松、黃嘉芳、吳親恩（2015）。〈環保抗爭與綠黨得票有關嗎？2012年立委選舉政黨票的考察〉。《選舉研究》，22（2），41–69。https://doi.org/10.6612/tjes.2015.22.02.41-69
二、英文部分
Agissova, F., Ivanova, A., & Sautkina, E. (2023). Political values, patriotism, institutional trust and connectedness to nature predict environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour (Los valores políticos, el patriotismo, la confianza en las instituciones y la conexión con la naturaleza predicen las actitudes y la conducta proambientales). PsyEcology Bilingual Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14(2), 244–296.
Ágoston, C., Balázs, B., Mónus, F., & Varga, A. (2024). Age differences and profiles in pro-environmental behavior and eco-emotions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 48(2), 132-144.
Araoz, E. G. E., Jaramillo, Y. V. M., Pereira, V. H. D., Frisancho, J. M. R., & Ramos, N. A. G. (2024). Exploring pro-environmental behavior in Peruvian basic education students: A cross-sectional study. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología-Serie de Conferencias, (3), 678.
Árnadóttir, Á., Czepkiewicz, M., & Heinonen, J. (2019). The geographical distribution and correlates of Pro-Environmental attitudes and behaviors in an urban region. Energies, 12(8), 1540.
Bannon, B., DeBell, M., Krosnick, J. A., Kopp, R., Aldhous, P., & Magazine, N. S. (2007). Americans’ evaluations of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. New Scientist. June.
Bernauer, T., & Gampfer, R. (2015). How robust is public support for unilateral climate policy?. Environmental Science & Policy, 54, 316-330.
Biala, M. I., Aromasodun, O. M., & Shitu, A. M. (2025). Impact of Environmental Courses on Pro-Environmental Behaviours of University Students: Evidence from Kwara State University, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy, 18(1), 154-168.
Błoński, K., Dąbrowska, A., & Shulhina, L. (2023). Similarities and differences in the green attitudes of consumers from different age generations – International comparisons. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum – Oeconomia, 22(4), 15–30.
Boermans, D. D., Jagoda, A., Lemiski, D., Wegener, J., & Krzywonos, M. (2024). Environmental awareness and sustainable behavior of respondents in Germany, the Netherlands and Poland: A qualitative focus group study. Journal of Environmental Management, 370, 122515.
Bornstein, N., & Lanz, B. (2008). Voting on the environment: Price or ideology? Evidence from Swiss referendums. Ecological Economics, 67(3), 430-440.
Brandt, M. J., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2019). What is central to political belief system networks?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(9), 1352-1364.
Carifio, J., & Perla, R. (2008). Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing Likert scales. Medical education, 42(12), 1150-1152.
Casper, J. M., McCullough, B. P., & Smith, D. M. K. (2021). Pro-environmental sustainability and political affiliation: An examination of USA college sport sustainability efforts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5840.
Chen, M. (2013). Embracing or resisting the giant neighbour: debates between KMT and DPP on the mainland policy. China Report, 49(4), 399-411.
Cloete, C. E. (2020). Socio-economic impact of shopping centres in Gauteng, South Africa. The Business & Management Review, 11(1), 51-58.
Coffey, D. J., & Joseph, P. H. (2013). A polarized environment: The effect of partisanship and ideological values on individual recycling and conservation behavior. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(1), 116-139.
Cruz, S. M. (2017). The relationships of political ideology and party affiliation with environmental concern: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 81-91.
Diekmann, A., & Preisendörfer, P. (2003). Green and greenback: The behavioral effects of environmental attitudes in low-cost and high-cost situations. Rationality and Society, 15(4), 441-472.
Dietz, T., Dan, A., & Shwom, R. (2007). Support for climate change policy: Social psychological and social structural influences. Rural sociology, 72(2), 185-214.
Dietz, T., Kalof, L., & Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, values, and environmentalism. Social science quarterly, 83(1), 353-364.
Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised NEP scale. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 425-442.
Dunlap, R. E., & McCright, A. M. (2008). A widening gap: Republican and Democratic views on climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 50(5), 26-35.
Dunlap, R. E., Xiao, C., & McCright, A. M. (2001). Politics and environment in America: Partisan and ideological cleavages in public support for environmentalism. Environmental politics, 10(4), 23-48.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in sexual behavior: A social-role interpretation. (No Title).
Fielding, K. S., & Hornsey, M. J. (2016). A social identity analysis of climate change and environmental attitudes and behaviors: Insights and opportunities. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 121.
Gärling, T., Fujii, S., Gärling, A., & Jakobsson, C. (2003). Moderating effects of social value orientation on determinants of proenvironmental behavior intention. Journal of environmental psychology, 23(1), 1-9.
Geiger, N., Pasek, M. H., Gruszczynski, M., Ratcliff, N. J., & Weaver, K. S. (2020). Political ingroup conformity and pro-environmental behavior: Evaluating the evidence from a survey and mousetracking experiments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101524.
Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro‐environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International journal of psychology, 49(3), 141-157.
Green-Demers, I., Pelletier, L. G., & Ménard, S. (1997). The impact of behavioural difficulty on the saliency of the association between self-determined motivation and environmental behaviours. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 29(3), 157.
Gromet, D. M., Kunreuther, H., & Larrick, R. P. (2013). Political ideology affects energy-efficiency attitudes and choices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(23), 9314-9319.
Guber, D. L. (2013). A cooling climate for change? Party polarization and the politics of global warming. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(1), 93-115.
Holub, F., & Schündeln, M. (2023). Pro-environmental voting when climate change is made salient: Evidence from high-resolution flooding data. PLOS climate, 2(8), e0000219.
Hong, Z., & Park, I. K. (2018). The effects of regional characteristics and policies on individual pro-environmental behavior in China. Sustainability, 10(10), 3586.
Huang, T., & Niou, E. M. (1996). Electoral politics in Taiwan. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 23(2), 128-138.
Hunter, L. M., Hatch, A., & Johnson, A. (2004). Cross‐national gender variation in environmental behaviors. Social science quarterly, 85(3), 677-694.
Inglehart, R. (2020). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton university press.
Kaiser, F. G., & Scheuthle, H. (2003). Two challenges to a moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Moral norms and just world beliefs in conservationism. Personality and individual differences, 35(5), 1033-1048.
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental education research, 8(3), 239-260.
Kotchen, M. J., Boyle, K. J., & Leiserowitz, A. A. (2013). Willingness-to-pay and policy-instrument choice for climate-change policy in the United States. Energy Policy, 55, 617-625.
Lee, P. S., & Hsu, Y. M. (2002). Southern politics? Regional trajectories of party development in Taiwan. ISSUES AND STUDIES-ENGLISH EDITION-, 38(2), 61-84.
Lin, Z., & Fung, H. H. L. (2024). Age differences in pro-environmental behaviors: Is it about me or the next generation? Innovation in Aging, 8(Suppl. 1), 1372.
Mainieri, T., Barnett, E. G., Valdero, T. R., Unipan, J. B., & Oskamp, S. (1997). Green buying: The influence of environmental concern on consumer behavior. The Journal of social psychology, 137(2), 189-204..
Martinsson, J., Lundqvist, L. J., & Sundström, A. (2011). Energy saving in Swedish households. The (relative) importance of environmental attitudes. Energy policy, 39(9), 5182-5191.
McCarty, J. A., & Shrum, L. J. (2001). The influence of individualism, collectivism, and locus of control on environmental beliefs and behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20(1), 93-104.
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public's views of global warming, 2001–2010. The sociological quarterly, 52(2), 155-194.
Milfont, T. L., Harré, N., Sibley, C. G., & Duckitt, J. (2012). The Climate‐Change Dilemma: Examining the Association Between Parental Status and Political Party Support 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(10), 2386-2410.
Mohai, P., Pellow, D., & Roberts, J. T. (2009). Environmental justice. Annual review of environment and resources, 34(1), 405-430.
Nawrotzki, R. J. (2012). The politics of environmental concern: A cross-national analysis. Organization & Environment, 25(3), 286-307.
Nigbur, D., Lyons, E., & Uzzell, D. (2010). Attitudes, norms, identity and environmental behaviour: Using an expanded theory of planned behaviour to predict participation in a kerbside recycling programme. British journal of social psychology, 49(2), 259-284.
Novera, C. N., Ifti, M. H., Huynh, A. N. Q., Sadiq, I., & Azad, A. K. (2024). Research Synthesizes in Pro-environmental Behavior in Education: A Text Mining Approach. Managing Global Transitions, 22(3).
Nawaz, A., Soomro, S. A., & Talpur, Q. U. A. (2025). Environmental actions and leadership integrity: unpacking symbolic and substantive pro‐environmental behavior impact on organizational perception. Business ethics, the environment & responsibility.
Otto, S., Evans, G. W., Moon, M. J., & Kaiser, F. G. (2019). The development of children’s environmental attitude and behavior. Global Environmental Change, 58, 101947.
Pelletier, L. G., Dion, S., Tuson, K., & Green‐Demers, I. (1999). Why do people fail to adopt environmental protective behaviors? Toward a taxonomy of environmental amotivation 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 29(12), 2481-2504.
Pelletier, L. G., Lavergne, K. J., & Sharp, E. C. (2008). Environmental psychology and sustainability: Comments on topics important for our future. Canadian Psychology/psychologie canadienne, 49(4), 304.
Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Green‐Demers, I., Noels, K., & Beaton, A. M. (1998). Why are you doing things for the environment? The motivation toward the environment scale (mtes) 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 28(5), 437-468.
Phuphisith, S., Kurisu, K., & Hanaki, K. (2020). A comparison of the practices and influential factors of pro-environmental behaviors in three Asian megacities: Bangkok, Tokyo, and Seoul. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 119882.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and schuster.
Qing, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, J., & Li, C. (2022). How Does Urbanization Affect Citizens’ Pro-Environment Behavior? A Hierarchical Analysis of the Chinese General Social Survey. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 880852.
Schwartz, D., Bruine de Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., & Lave, L. (2015). Advertising energy saving programs: The potential environmental cost of emphasizing monetary savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 21(2), 158.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). Academic Press.
Shin, Y., & Kim, G. (2023). Age differences in climate change attitudes and behaviors. Innovation in Aging, 7(Suppl 1), 830.
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 407-424.
Sun, S. B., & Zhao, X. (2025). Do immigrants support environmentalism? Immigrants’ environmental socialization in the United States. Party Politics, 31(3), 562-582.
Tajfel, H., Turner, J., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (2001). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Intergroup relations: Essential readings, 94-109.
Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British journal of social psychology, 25(3), 237-252.
Tyagi, S. K., Kumar, V., Kumar, K., & Kumar, D. (2023). Environmental health quality and the consequences of urbanization: A review. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(5), 13–23.
Vermeir, I., & Verbeke, W. (2008). Sustainable food consumption among young adults in Belgium: Theory of planned behaviour and the role of confidence and values. Ecological economics, 64(3), 542-553.
Vicente-Molina, M. A., Fernández-Sainz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2018). Does gender make a difference in pro-environmental behavior? The case of the Basque Country University students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 89-98.
Wang, J. M., & Li, Y. Q. (2022). Soft economic incentives and soft behavioral interventions on the public’s green purchasing behaviour-the evidence from China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2477-2499..
M. Wiernik, B., S. Ones, D., & Dilchert, S. (2013). Age and environmental sustainability: A meta-analysis. Journal of managerial psychology, 28(7/8), 826-856.
Xiao, C., & McCright, A. M. (2007). Environmental concern and sociodemographic variables: A study of statistical models. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(2), 3-14.
Xiao, C., & McCright, A. M. (2015). Gender differences in environmental concern: Revisiting the institutional trust hypothesis in the USA. Environment and Behavior, 47(1), 17-37.
Yang, P. Q., & Wilson, M. L. (2023). Explaining personal and public pro-environmental behaviors. Sci, 5(1), 6.
Yang, R. (2024). Education And Environment-Friendly Behavior: The Mediating Role of Environmental Concern. J. Educ. Humanit. Social Sci, 35, 482-492.
Zelezny, L. C., Chua, P. P., & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social issues, 56(3), 443-457.