5G行動通訊網路中的其中一項應用為增強型行動寬頻(enhanced Mobile BroadBand, eMBB)，eMBB常見的應用可以分為兩種，一種是需要經由基地台(next generation Node Basement, gNB)上傳的視訊會議，另外一種是需要經由gNB下載的隨選視訊(Video on Demand, VOD)。近年來eMBB使用者對高資料傳輸率(Data Rate, DR)的需求逐漸提高，目前的5G核心網路(5G Core, 5GC)無法讓不同的gNB做資源分享，如果一個基地台(next generation Node Basement, gNB) 無法滿足eMBB使用者所提出的DR要求，其結果將會導致eMBB使用者無法傳送高品質的影音串流或甚至造成使用者設備(User Equipment, UE)的連線失敗。為了解決上述問題，本論文在5G行動通訊網路下針對eMBB使用者設計一個動態資源區塊分配(Dynamic Adjustment Resource Block Allocation, DARBA)演算法，此演算法是用來協調5G核心網路(5G Core Network, 5GC) 在多個基地台間的資源區塊(Resource Block, RB)的分配，首先UE先找出訊號最強的gNB並提出DR的要求，當訊號最強的gNB可以滿足DR的要求時就可以與之建立連線，如果訊號最強的gNB不能滿足DR要求時，5GC會協調其他gNB給UE額外的DR，所以每個gNB會根據自己的RB使用率與UE要求的DR來決定要分配多少個RB給UE。為了驗證本論文所提出的DARBA可以讓多個基地台間互相協調RB，我們使用C語言來撰寫模擬程式，在完成程式模擬後，我們分析並比較在不同基地台的彈性參數(Numerology)、調變技術(Modulation Techniques)、不同DR要求下所需要的Subcarrier個數、gNB的RB使用率、UE連線的成功率，另外，我們也分析5GC為了協調不同gNB間所需的RB個數所需要付出的額外通訊網路時間與封包處理時間。

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) is an application of 5G mobile communication networks with two common cases; video conferencing, which requires uplink transmission through the next generation Node B (gNB), and Video on Demand (VOD), which requires downlink transmission from the gNB. In recent years, the demand for high data rates (DR) from eMBB users has been gradually increased. However, the current 5G Core Network (5GC) does not support resource sharing among gNBs. As a result, when a single gNB cannot meet the DR demands of the eMBB user, the user may experience degraded video and audio quality or even UE connection failures. To address these issues, this study proposes a Dynamic Adjustment Resource Block Allocation (DARBA) algorithm for eMBB users in 5G mobile networks. The algorithm enables the 5GC to coordinate resource block (RB) allocations across multiple gNBs. The UE first identifies the gNB with the strongest signal and submits its DR request. If the strongest gNB can meet the DR requirement, the connection is established directly; otherwise, the 5GC coordinates RBs from other gNBs. Each gNB determines its RB allocation based on its RB utilization and requested DR from UE. To verify that the proposed DARBA enables coordination of RBs among multiple base stations, we wrote a simulation program in C. After simulation, we analyzed and compared the number of subcarriers required under different numerologies, modulation techniques, and DR requirements, as well as RB utilization of gNBs and the UE connection success rate. In addition, we analyzed the network latency and packet processing time on 5GC when coordinating RB allocation across different gNBs.

論文審定書................................................................................i
致謝...........................................................................................ii
摘要..........................................................................................iii
Abstract....................................................................................iv
目錄...........................................................................................v
圖目錄.....................................................................................vii
表目錄......................................................................................ix
第一章 導論..............................................................................1
1.1研究動機..............................................................................1
1.2研究方法..............................................................................1
1.3研究貢獻..............................................................................2
1.4章節介紹..............................................................................2
第二章5G網路的資源區塊與eMBB.........................................3
2.1 5G網路.................................................................................3
2.1.1 eMBB的應用.....................................................................3
2.1.2 5G RB的配置.....................................................................3
2.2 層級架構..............................................................................6
2.2.1 GTP Tunnel........................................................................7
2.3 5GC.......................................................................................7
2.4 相關研究..............................................................................8
第三章 5GC 的動態RB分配.....................................................13
3.1 5GC的資源分享..................................................................13
3.2 動態RB分配的封包設計....................................................14
3.2.1 UE 與gNB的封包設計.....................................................15
3.2.2 gNB與5GC的封包設計....................................................16
3.2.3 5GC分配額外的gNB........................................................17
3.3 RB分配演算法....................................................................21
3.3.1 UE要求的運作流程.........................................................22
3.3.2 gNB分配DR的運作流程..................................................23
3.3.3 5GC的RB分配...................................................................24
第四章 模擬與結果分析.........................................................26
4.1 模擬拓樸.............................................................................26
4.2 虛擬程式碼.........................................................................27
4.2.1 UE的虛擬碼.....................................................................27
4.2.2 gNB的虛擬碼...................................................................34
4.2.3 5GC的虛擬碼 ...................................................................42
4.3 結果與分析.........................................................................47
4.3.1訊號最強gNB的模擬........................................................47
4.3.2 Subcarrier與RE的RDR.....................................................50
4.3.3 RB使用率.........................................................................52
4.3.4 UE連線的成功率.............................................................55
4.3.5 5GC協調的Date Rate.......................................................56
4.3.6 5GC額外付出的時間.......................................................57
第五章 結論與未來工作..........................................................59
5.1 結論.....................................................................................59
5.2 本論文所遭遇的困難.........................................................59
5.3未來工作..............................................................................60
Reference...................................................................................61
Acronyms...................................................................................65
Index..........................................................................................67

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