中文提要：
本論文前半部主要是以IS-95 CDMA無線通訊系統為例，介紹行動端射頻傳收機模組的設計流程，以詳細的鏈路預算分析方法，預估射頻傳收機模組性能，並與規範做比較，最後以實做來加以驗證。本論文後半段主要是以適合PCS頻段CDMA系統之功率放大器元件設計為主，並詳細介紹整個設計流程，且以美國GCS公司所提供的GaAs HBT製程，進行單晶微波積體電路之製作。整體電路以3.4伏特為偏壓電源，並配合偏壓式二極體線性器技術，設計規格則以線性增益與輸出功率分別大於30dB與27dBm，諧波抑制在無諧波濾除電路幫助下26dBc以上，功率增加效率達36.7﹪，鄰近通道功率比例小於-45 dBc，輸入埠VSWR小於2等為目標。並與傳統偏壓方式之功率放大器設計做比較，以凸顯其提升線性度之能力

Abstract：
This thesis was consisted of two parts. Part 1 introduced the procedure for designing the RF transceiver module in an IS-95 CDMA system using link budget analysis. Part 2 was focused on a CDMA power amplifier integrated circuit design for Personal Communication Service (PCS) applications. The design procedure was introduced in detail and implemented in MMIC for using GaAs HBT foundry provided by the GCS Ltd.. The designed linear gain, output 1dB compression point and power added efficiency (PAE) are above 30 dB, 27 dBm and 36.7% respectively under a single supply voltage of 3.4 V with the help of a diode linearizer. Harmonic components were suppressed more than 26 dB without use of any filters in the output. The adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and the VSWR of input port are below -45 dBc and 2 respectively.

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 IS-95 CDMA通訊系統 1
1.2 無線通訊半導體元件特性介紹 3
1.3 各種功率放大器線性化技術 5
1.4 章節介紹 7
第二章 IS-95 CDMA射頻傳收機模組 8
2.1 規格介紹 8
2.2 規劃流程 8
2.3 鏈路預算 11
2.3.1 原理基礎 11
2.3.2 分析計算流程 14
2.4 製作實例 28
2.4.1 發射機整合測試 28
2.4.2 接收機整合測試 30
2.5 綜合討論 34
第三章 PCS頻段CDMA功率放大器MMIC設計 36
3.1 功率放大器簡介 36
3.2 功率放大器非線性參數 36
3.2.1 AM/AM與AM/PM 36
3.2.2 鄰近通道功率比例 37
3.2.3 輸出三次交叉點 39
3.3 GSM與CDMA功率放大器之差異 39
3.4 二級體線性器原理 40
3.5 CDMA功率放大器MMIC設計流程 43
3.6 PCS頻段CDMA功率放大器設計 45
3.6.1 設計方法與模擬結果 46
3.6.2 佈局考量 64
3.6.3 製作與量測 65
3.6.4 上屆學長設計之功率放大器MMIC量測
結果 65
第四章 結論 65
參考文獻 67





















圖表目錄
第一章
表1.1 近年北美數位通訊系統規格 2
圖1.1 以傅利葉級數分析各電流成分波型與導通角之關
係 6
圖1.2 基本回授技術示意圖 6
圖1.3 基本順授技術示意圖 7

第二章
表2.1 IS-95發射機模組規格 9
表2.2 IS-95接收機模組規格 9
圖2.1 IS-95 射頻傳收機模組設計製作流程 10
表2.3 性能未達規範之元件選取要點 11
圖2.2 電路之訊號功率增益 11
圖2.3 1dB增益壓縮點與輸出三次交叉點示意圖 12
圖2.4 主動電路之雜訊指數 13
圖2.5 被動電路之雜訊指數 13
圖2.6 IS-95CDMA蜂巢式頻段傳收機架構圖 15
表2.4 發射機各級電路參數 15
表2.5 接收機各級電路參數 16
表2.6 發射機串級電路參數 16
表2.7 接收機串級電路參數 16
表2.8 用於靈敏度分析之鏈路計算參數 18
圖2.7 用於靈敏度分析之功率佈局圖 18
圖2.8 用於交互調變贅餘響應衰減能力分析之訊號分佈
圖 20
表2.9 用於交互調變贅餘響應衰減能力分析之鏈路計算
參數 21
圖2.10 用於單音去靈敏化能力分析之訊號分佈圖阻 22
表2.10 用於單音去靈敏化能力分析之鏈路計算參數 22
圖2.11 用於單音去靈敏化能力分析之功率分佈圖 23
圖2.12 IS-95 CDMA PCS頻段接收機架構圖 24
表2.11 接收機各級電路參數 24
表2.12 接收機串級電路參數 24
表2.13 用於靈敏度分析之鏈路計算參數 25
圖2.13 用於靈敏度分析之功率分佈圖 25
表2.14 用於交互調變贅餘響應衰減能力分析之鏈路計
算參數 26
圖2.14 用於交互調變贅餘響應衰減能力分析之功率分佈
圖 26
表2.15 用於單音去靈敏化能力分析之鏈路計算參數 27
圖2.16 IS-95 CDMA蜂巢式頻段發射機輸出頻譜 29
圖2.17 頻譜重增長測試示意圖 29
表2.16 IS-95 CDMA蜂巢式頻段發射機整體測試規格表 30
圖2.18 IS-95 CDMA蜂巢式頻段發射機整合成品照片 30
圖2.19 靈敏度測試架構圖 32
圖2.20 靈敏度測試結果之星狀圖、眼狀圖及EVM值
(接收訊號功率為-103 dBm) 32
圖2.21 輸出三次交叉點OIP3量測圖
(OIP3經計算為-0.8 dBm) 32
圖2.22 抗干擾能力測試架構圖 33
表2.17 IS-95 CDMA蜂巢式頻段接收機整體測試規格表 33
圖2.23 IS-95 CDMA蜂巢式頻段接收機整合成品照片圖 33

第三章
圖3.1 增益失真度與相位漂移度示意圖 37
圖3.2 頻譜增長示意圖 38
表3.1 GSM與CDMA功率放大器元件性能參數比較表 39
圖3.3 串聯式二極體線性器 41
圖3.4 並聯式二極體線性器 41
圖3.5 偏壓式二極體線性器 42
圖3.6 二極體跨壓隨輸入訊號功率增加而有更明顯的整
流效果 42
圖3.7 二極體跨壓之直流成分隨輸入訊號功率的變化情
況 42
圖3.8 有二極體線性器情況下放大器基射極跨壓直流成
分隨輸入訊號功率的變化情況 43
圖3.9 有二極體線性器情況下放大器集極電流直流成分
隨輸入訊號功率的變化情況 43
圖3.10 CDMA功率放大器MMIC設計流程 44
圖3.11 二極體線性器偏壓之三級功率放大器架構 45
圖3.12 傳統電阻分壓式偏壓之三級功率放大器架構 46
圖3.13 傳統電流源偏壓之三級功率放大器架構 46
圖3.14 最大增益分析之電路 47
圖3.15 小訊號放大級電路架構 48
圖3.16 小訊號放大級基射極跨壓直流成分隨輸入訊號
功率的變化情況 48
圖3.17 小訊號放大級集極電流直流成分隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 48
圖3.18 小訊號放大級輸出功率與效率隨輸入訊號功率的
變化情況 49
圖3.19 小訊號放大級增益壓縮與相位失真隨輸入訊號功
率的變化情況 49
圖3.20 小訊號放大級二次與三次諧波功率隨輸入訊號功
率的變化情況 49
圖3.21 小訊號放大級增益與返回損耗與頻率的變化關
係 50
圖3.22 小訊號放大級穩定因子Mu值分析 50
圖3.23 小訊號放大級在不同輸入訊號功率情況下集極電
流波形 50
表3.2 小訊號放大級之模擬參數規格表 51
圖3.24 驅動放大級輸出端負載阻抗以及輸入端埠特性阻
抗設定說明 52
圖3.25 驅動放大級利用等增益圓與等功率曲線選取負載
阻抗 52
圖3.26 驅動放大級電路架構 52
圖3.27 驅動放大級基射極跨壓直流成分隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 53
圖3.28 驅動放大級集極電流直流成分隨輸入訊號功率的
變化情況 53
圖3.29 驅動放大級輸出功率與效率隨輸入訊號功率的變
化情況 53
圖3.30 驅動放大級增益壓縮與相位失真隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 54
圖3.31 驅動放大級二次與三次諧波功率隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 54
圖3.32 驅動放大級增益與返回損耗與頻率的變化關係 54
圖3.33 驅動放大級穩定因子Mu值分析 55
圖3.34 驅動放大級在不同輸入訊號功率情況下的集極
電流波形 55
表3.3 驅動放大級之模擬參數規格表 55
圖3.35 功率放大級之等功率曲線以及等增益圓 56
圖3.36 功率放大級電路架構 57
圖3.37 功率放大級基射極跨壓直流成分隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 58
圖3.38 功率放大級集極電流直流成分隨輸入訊號功率的
變化情況 58
圖3.39 功率放大級輸出功率與效率隨輸入訊號功率的變
化情況 58
圖3.40 功率放大級增益壓縮與相位失真隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 59
圖3.41 功率放大級二次與三次諧波功率隨輸入訊號功率
的變化情況 59
圖3.42 功率放大級增益與返回損耗與頻率的變化關係 59
圖3.43 功率放大級穩定因子Mu值分析 60
圖3.44 功率放大級在不同輸入訊號功率情況下的集極電
流波形 60
表3.4 功率放大級之模擬參數規格表 60
圖3.45 功率放大器在採用三種偏壓方式情況下增益壓縮
之比較 61
圖3.46 功率放大器在採用三種偏壓方式情況下相位失真
之比較 62
圖3.47 功率放大器在採用三種偏壓方式情況下效率之
比較 62
圖3.48 功率放大器在採用三種偏壓方式情況下輸出功率
之比較 62
圖3.49 (a)模擬功率放大器以電阻分壓式偏壓之頻譜增長
情況(b) 模擬功率放大器以電流源式偏壓之頻
譜增長情況(c) 模擬功率放大器以二極體線性
器偏壓之頻譜增長情況………………………….63
表3.5 本功率放大器MMIC設計與美國RFMD公司之類
似功能MMIC設計在規格上之比較 64
圖3.50 功率放大器MMIC之佈局圖 65
表3.6 上界學長下線之功率放大器MMIC測試規格表 66
圖3.51 上界學長下線之功率放大器MMIC測試電路照
片 66

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