本研究根據資源保存(Conservation of Resource, COR)理論及自我決定理論(Self-Determination Theory, SDT) 探討員工韌性在矛盾領導與積極工作行為的中介角色，同時也檢視自我效能對矛盾領導與員工韌性關係的調節效果。
本研究以個人為分析層次，並以台灣與越南的私人醫療企業員工為研究對象，問卷採三階段方式蒐集，總共收集152份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，矛盾領導會正向影響員工韌性，員工韌性也會正向影響積極工作行為，同時，員工韌性對矛盾領導與積極工作行為的關係具有中介效果；然而，自我效能在矛盾領導與員工韌性之間的干擾效果不顯著。
根據分析結果，本研究建議主管應重視矛盾領導對工作積極行為的影響。本研究也分別對主管的領導方式以及員工心理素質與復原力提出管理層面上的建議，俾期為組織帶來建設性的結果。

This study applies the Conservation of Resource (COR) theory and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explore the relationship between paradoxical leadership and proactive work behavior, focusing on the mediating role of resilience and the moderating effect of self-efficacy.
This study was conducted at the individual level of analysis, with employees in private companies in Taiwan and Vietnam as the target population. The questionnaires were collected in three phases: the first phase collected the variables of ambivalent leadership and self-efficacy, the second phase collected the variables of employee resilience, and the third phase collected the variables of positive work behaviors, and a total of 152 valid questionnaires were collected.
The findings reveal that resilience mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership and proactive work behavior, while self-efficacy does not moderate the connection between paradoxical leadership and resilience. Based on the results of the analysis, this study suggests that supervisors should pay attention to the effects of paradoxical leadership on positive work behaviors, and it also recommends effective leadership styles for supervisors and strategies to improve employees' psychological quality that will positively impact the organization.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
Table of Figures vi
Table of Tables vii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objectives 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 5
2.1 Theoretical Background 5
2.2 Studied Variables 7
2.3 Hypotheses 32
Chapter 3 Research Design 41
3.1 Research Framework 41
3.2 Summary of Hypotheses 41
3.3 Samples and Data Collection 41
3.4 Construct Measurement and Definition of Variables 44
3.5 Statistical Analysis 48
Chapter 4 Results 53
4.1 Model Tests 53
4.2 Pearson Correlation Analysis 54
4.3 Hierarchical Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Testing 55
Chapter 5 Conclusion 61
5.1 Discussion of Research Results 61
5.2 Theoretical Implications 62
5.3 Practical Implications 63
5.4 Limitations and Future Directions 66
References 69

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