濕地生態系統在氣候變化、減緩溫室氣體排放、生物多樣性、水文調理及人類健康方面發揮著關鍵的作用，因此濕地生態系統逐漸被重視，然而隨著人類的經濟發展，造成濕地面積損失的速度卻是與日俱增。高雄市政府在2003年推動生態廊道的概念，其中援中港濕地公園為高雄市政府工務局所定義的「西高雄濕地生態廊道」之一。本研究場址為援中港濕地公園，為「補償性」濕地生態棲地復育，是高雄市生態濕地廊道中占地面積最大的濕地公園，濕地的位置坐落於典寶溪出海口南側，四周有後勁溪、典寶溪、蚵仔寮、海軍軍區、紅樹林等。於2017年8月至2018年3月期間採樣頻率共為四季，進行濕地水質檢測與氣象資料收集，水質監測採樣點為進水口、出水口、紅樹林區及泥灘地，以了解季節、潮汐、晝夜及不同棲地環境之差異性對於不同水體之水質變化，並透過統計軟體進行分析，與溫室氣體釋出量之相關性探討。水溫、酸鹼值及溶氧皆呈現日高夜低；導電度、鹽度濃度變化與潮汐呈現出高度相關性；磷營養鹽在夏季及秋季的濃度最高，其原因有可能為夏、秋兩季水中正磷酸鹽被植物吸收量少，加上受濕地出水口感潮水源影響，致使底泥受到擾動，而使沉積物中之磷酸鹽釋出水體；氮營養鹽中之亞硝酸鹽及硝酸鹽為夏、秋兩季濃度趨勢相似，皆呈日高夜低，此乃因氨先被氧化為亞硝酸鹽後，再被硝化為硝酸鹽。而氨氮春季濃度最高，推測是因為超過硝化菌的最適合條件，使濕地去除氨氮能力下降，造成氨氮的累積。溫室氣體與水質相關性結果得知，CO2濃度與總有機碳及葉綠素a呈高度相關，推測與濕地中植物(包括水生植物與自營性藻類)在日間行光合作用有關；CH4與硝酸鹽及總氮呈高度正相關，推測在厭氧環境下微生物會轉而進行厭氧分解，而硝化反應在僅0.3 mg/L的低溶氧環境下仍可進行；N2O與硝酸鹽及總氮呈高度相關，推測主要是與脫硝作用有關。

The wetlands ecosystem plays an important role on providing us with water and human health, supporting rich biodiversity and climate change, and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem. Because of this, the wetlands ecosystem has gradually been valued. Due to the increase of economic development, the area of wetland is lost faster and faster. Kaohsiung city promoted the concept of ecological corridors in 2003, and Yuanchungan wetland park was defined as one of the “West Kaohsiung Wetland Ecological Corridors” by Kaohsiung city government. The research site of this study is located in Yuanchungan wetland park. The wetland park is a compensatory wetland ecological habitat for restoration, and is the largest wetland in wetland ecological corridors of Kaohsiung, which is located on the south side of the Dian-Boa-Chi to the sea. In this study, the sampling dates were from August 2017 to March 2018 during four seasons for five sampling points. Based on the study, it could be comprehended that the variations of season, day and night, and differences in different habitats by water quality test and meteorological data collection. Through the water quality and stat is tidal analyses from SPSS, the correlation between the emission of greenhouse gases and water quality were analyzed. According to the analytical results, water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were higher during the day than the night. Electrical conductivity and salinity were shown to be highly correlated with tides variation. Phosphate nutrients have the highest concentration is summer and autumn. The reason might be because orthophosphate was less absorbed by plants in the water in summer and autumn, while the effect of tidal current on the wetland sampling point making sediment disturbed to let orthophosphate in the sediment released into the water. For nitrite and nitrate in nitrogen-abundant nutrient salt, they have a similar concentration trend in summer and autumn, both of which presented high levels in the daytime and low levels in the nighttime because ammonia nitrogen in the salt was first oxidized to nitrite before it was further nitrified on nitrate. Ammonia nitrogen exhibited the highest concentration in spring. It might be because the condition because excessive as the most optimal environment for nitrifying bacteria in the wetland existing the reduced capability to remove ammonia nitrogen resulting in such accumulation. The correlation between greenhouse gas and water quality revealed that CO2 concentration was also highly correlated to the total organic carbon and chlorophyll a. It is speculated that this is probably due to the process of photosynthesis by plants in the wetland (including aquatic and self-supporting algae). CH4 also show a strong positive relationship with nitrate and total nitrogen, suggesting that microbes will instead to turn anaerobic hydrolysis under an anaerobic environment, as nitrification can still proceed at a low oxygenated condition of 0.3 mg/L in concentration. N2O is also displaying the same strong positive correlation with nitrate and total nitrogen because of the process of denitrification.

論文審定書..........................................................................................................i
致謝.....................................................................................................................ii
摘要.....................................................................................................................iii
Abstract ..............................................................................................................iv
目錄......................................................................................................................vi
圖目錄...................................................................................................................ix
表目錄...................................................................................................................xi
第一章 前言...........................................................................................................1
1.1研究起源...........................................................................................................1
1.2研究目的...........................................................................................................3
1.3研究架構...........................................................................................................3
第二章 文獻回顧.....................................................................................................5
2.1濕地概論............................................................................................................5
2.1.1濕地定義.........................................................................................................5
2.1.2濕地分類與型態..............................................................................................7
2.1.3濕地功能與價值...............................................................................................9
2.2濕地的結構與組成.............................................................................................11
2.2.1濕地水文..........................................................................................................12
2.2.2濕地土壤..........................................................................................................13
2.2.3濕地植物...........................................................................................................13
2.3濕地生態的元素循環...........................................................................................14
2.3.1碳的循環...........................................................................................................14
2.3.2磷的循環...........................................................................................................16
2.3.3氮的循環...........................................................................................................19
第三章 材料與方法...................................................................................................25
3.1援中港濕地公園...................................................................................................25
3.1.1研究對象位置與範圍........................................................................................25
3.1.2援中港濕地公園東、西區概述.........................................................................26
3.2採樣時間、位置規畫...........................................................................................27
3.3自然環境因子......................................................................................................30
3.4水質項目保存、分析方法及儀器設備.................................................................38
3.4.1水質保存方法及保存期限.................................................................................38
3.4.2水質各項目分析方法及儀器介紹......................................................................38
3.5溫室氣體連續監測方法及儀器.............................................................................42
3.6數據分析方法與統計............................................................................................44
第四章 結果與討論.....................................................................................................45
4.1援中港濕地公園西區水質監測結果.......................................................................45
4.2現場值水質濃度變化與趨勢...................................................................................45
4.2.1水溫.....................................................................................................................45
4.2.2酸鹼值(pH)..........................................................................................................46
4.2.3溶氧......................................................................................................................49
4.2.4導電度與鹽度.......................................................................................................52
4.2.5氧化還原電位.......................................................................................................55
4.3懸浮固體物與濁度...................................................................................................57
4.4磷與其化合物..........................................................................................................60
4.5氮與其化合物..........................................................................................................62
4.5.1亞硝酸鹽...............................................................................................................62
4.5.2硝酸鹽...................................................................................................................62
4.5.3氨氮.......................................................................................................................66
4.5.4有機氮...................................................................................................................66
4.5.5總氮.......................................................................................................................70
4.6生化需氧量...............................................................................................................72
4.7總有機碳...................................................................................................................74
4.8葉綠素a.....................................................................................................................74
4.9不同季節對污染物去除率比較..................................................................................78
4.10溫室氣體與水質參數之相關性................................................................................80
4.10.1雷達圖分析...........................................................................................................81
4.11連續監測儀與水質實驗分析的相關係數的關係......................................................82
第五章 結論與建議..........................................................................................................92
5.1結論............................................................................................................................92
5.2建議............................................................................................................................93
參考文獻..........................................................................................................................94
附錄 A -水質檢測原始數據..............................................................................................100
附錄 B-水質連續監測原始數據........................................................................................116

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