全球化下的時代，國際社會不再以冷戰時期集團對抗的方式作意識形態的對抗。國家在全球治理的框架下，透過推動合作以實現新的制度，進而轉型為新的國際建制以應對新的威脅。本文採用新古典現實主義理論，探討在全球化時代下面臨全球性威脅時，強權國家如何領導國際社會上的其他成員以應對當代威脅與發展。

由美、中兩國在全球治理下所形塑之反恐實踐可發現，美國所主導之「北約」具有共同的戰略目標，強調以打擊恐怖主義為主要全球反恐治理之實踐，屬於對抗型之反恐組織；而中國所主導之「上海合作組織」，則屬於互動、交往型之反恐組織，從「上海合作組織」成員國與觀察員國之組成與實踐可發現，成員國試圖與境內擁有恐怖組織之國家形成對話，以合作方式消除恐怖主義。

在發展戰略上，可看見兩領導國皆將區域安全組織做為實施對外影響力的延伸，使其成為行駛偏好的政策工具。不同之處在於美國以「北約」作為維護區域穩定的重要機制，持續擴大軍事影響力與投射範圍，領導方式則從「單邊領導」轉變為「後方領導」；中國在發佈「一帶一路」戰略後，帶動中亞地區的發展，除獲得中亞國家支持外，且透過「一帶一路」戰略積極領導「上海合作組織」轉型，將影響範圍從中亞地區擴及到歐亞地區。

In the era of globalization, the international community is no longer engaged in ideological confrontation in the bloc during the Cold War. Under the framework of "Global Governance," states are promoting cooperation to achieve a new system and then transforming into a new international regime to deal with new threats. This paper is based on neoclassical realism theory to explore how powerful states lead other members of the regional security organization to cope with contemporary threats and develop the international regime.

The counter-terrorism practices shaped by the United States and China under global governance reveal that the NATO, which is led by the United States, is a rivalry-type counter-terrorism organization. All members have a consensus on its strategic goals and emphasize the importance of combating terrorism as the main practice of global counter-terrorism governance. In contrast, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which is led by China, is an interactive and interactive counter-terrorism organization. From the composition and practices of the SCO member states and observer states, it can be seen that the member states are trying to form a dialogue with the countries that have terrorist groups in their territories in order to eliminate terrorism in a collaborative approach.

In terms of development strategies, it can be seen that both powerful states regard regional security organizations as an extension of their foreign influence, making the organizations become a preferred policy tool. The difference between the two leader states is that the U.S. regards NATO as an important mechanism to maintain regional stability, and continues to expand its military influence and range, while changing its
leadership from "unilateral leadership" to "leading from behind". In addition to gaining the support from Central Asian countries, China is actively leading the transformation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization through the "One Belt, One Road" strategy, expanding its influence from the Central Asian region to the Eur-Asian region.

論文審定書 ..................................................................................... i
誌謝 .............................................................................................. ii
摘要 ............................................................................................. iii
Abstract ....................................................................................... iv
圖次 .............................................................................................vii
表次 ............................................................................................ viii
第壹章、 緒論 ............................................................................... 1
第一節、 研究動機與目的 ...................................................................... 1
第二節、 文獻回顧 ................................................................................. 4
第三節、 研究途徑與方法 .................................................................... 11
第四節、 研究範圍與限制 .................................................................... 14
第五節、 章節安排 ............................................................................... 15
第貳章、 全球化時期：強權國家領導之區域安全組織性質的演變 ...... 17
第一節、 「北大西洋公約組織」沿革與美國政策 ............................ 17
第二節、 「上海合作組織」沿革與中國政策 .................................... 32
第參章、 全球治理與當代威脅：強權國家領導之反恐任務 ................ 43
第一節、 「北大西洋公約組織」反恐行動與美國政策 .................... 43
第二節、 「上海合作組織」反恐行動與中國政策 ............................ 57
第肆章、 全球治理與當代發展：強權國家領導之組織轉型 ................ 73
第一節、 「北大西洋公約組織」發展與美國領導 ............................ 73
第二節、 「上海合作組織」發展與中國領導 .................................... 88
第伍章、 結論 ........................................................................... 102
參考文獻 ................................................................................... 106

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