近年來，各種微波雷達開始應用於生理雷達中，而連續波雷達是最常見的雷達之一。經過一段時間改良，發展出自我注入鎖定雷達，能夠達到更優越的靈敏度，偵測細微的人體因心肺活動造成的胸腔起伏，但其受到偵測零點及頻率偏移的影響，促使靈敏度惡化。因此，本論文使用兩種自我注入鎖定雷達分別解決偵測零點及頻率偏移的問題。
第一種雷達是最佳相位追蹤自我注入鎖定雷達，主要在接收端加上鎖頻迴路，因為鎖頻迴路內主動濾波器的性質，能將整體迴路的相位保持在90度而使偵測靈敏度最佳化，避免偵測零點的狀況發生。第二種雷達是頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達，在訊號解調端加入鎖頻迴路，能有效降低雷達訊號源的頻率偏移現象，並能縮短雷達解調器之延遲線長度。此外，前者在靈敏度表現上，能夠偵測較細微的人體胸腔起伏，達到更佳的生理訊號監測效果。後者則能藉由相移器控制鎖頻迴路之頻率，達成雷達調整頻率的功能。

In recent years, a variety of microwave radars have been used for sensing vital signs. Continuous-wave (CW) radars are one of the commonly seen microwave radars for this purpose. After a long period of improvement, self-injection-locked (SIL) CW radars have been developed to achieve superior sensitivity and thereby detect tiny chest movements due to vital signs. However, they suffer from the effects of null detection points and frequency shifts which often degrade their sensitivity performance. Therefore, this study proposes two SIL radars to overcome the problems of null detection points and frequency shifts, respectively.
The first proposed radar is an optimal SIL (OPTSIL) radar that can always operate at the optimal detection points. It adds a frequency-locked loop (FLL) to the receiving end of the radar. This FLL keeps its phase at 90 degrees by using an active loop filter to optimize the detection sensitivity of the radar and avoid the occurrence of null detection points. The second proposed radar is a frequency- and self-injection-locked (FSIL) radar that uses an FLL at the demodulating end of the radar to reduce the frequency shift of the radar source signal. Moreover, this FLL can aid in shortening the length of the delay line used in the radar’s demodulator. As a result, with the help of FLL, the former can enhance the sensitivity performance to detect slighter chest movements for better vital sign monitoring. The latter can adjust the radar’s operating frequency by controlling the phase of the FLL with a phase shifter.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 x
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 生理雷達發展起源 2
1-3 章節規劃 7
第二章 最佳相位追蹤自我注入鎖定雷達 8
2-1自我注入鎖定迴路及鎖頻迴路推導與分析 8
2-1-1自我注入鎖定迴路推導與分析 8
2-1-2 鎖頻迴路雷達分析 12
2-2 最佳相位追蹤自我注入鎖定雷達推導與分析 16
2-2-1 時域分析 16
2-2-2 頻域分析 17
2-2-3 訊噪比分析 19
2-3 最佳相位追蹤自我注入鎖定雷達系統實現 20
2-4 最佳相位追蹤自我注入鎖定雷達實驗結果 23
2-4-1 最佳點偵測實驗 23
2-4-2 生理訊號偵測實驗 30
第三章 頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達 34
3-1 頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達推導與分析 34
3-1-1 時域分析 35
3-1-2 頻域分析 36
3-1-3 訊噪比分析 38
3-2 頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達系統 39
3-3 雙天線頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達系統 42
3-3-1 鎖頻效果實驗 42
3-3-2 雷達頻率調整實驗 45
3-3-3 生理訊號偵測實驗 45
3-4 單天線頻率與自我注入鎖定雷達系統 49
3-4-1 鎖頻效果實驗 49
3-4-2 頻率調整實驗 51
3-4-3 生理訊號偵測實驗 51
第四章 結論與未來展望 54
4-1 靈敏度測試補充 54
參考資料 55

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