牡蠣為臺灣重要的養殖貝類，而鑽孔生物(boring organisms)鑽牡蠣殼後，會使殼變得脆弱，牡蠣也需要花費額外的修補能量，此對養殖業的影響研究有限，因此，本論文探討七股潟湖鑽孔生物的物種多樣性並評估其對牡蠣生長指標(肥滿度及殼密度)的影響。結果發現七股潟湖有大型鑽孔生物（>100 μm）多毛類和海綿，以及鑽孔微生物（<100 μm）鑽孔微藻。檢視養殖3、4、7、8、10、11、13、16個月的養殖牡蠣，發現8個月的牡蠣感染鑽孔多毛類的比例最高可達100%、感染鑽孔海綿的比例達10%，其中主要的鑽孔多毛類為陵水才女蟲（Polydora lingshuiensis），鑽孔海綿主要為鑽孔海綿科Clionaidae的物種。大型鑽孔生物鑽殼程度（0, 1, 2）與牡蠣殼密度及標準化肥滿度指數呈負相關，感染鑽孔生物會影響養殖牡蠣的產量及品質。鑽孔微藻是綠藻蠣殼藻屬Ostreobium物種，其對牡蠣殼密度及標準化肥滿度指數無顯著負面影響。隨著養殖時間增加，牡蠣受到鑽孔生物鑽殼的機率會升高，本研究也發現養殖三個月殼長超過3公分以上就有大型鑽孔生物鑽殼，由於七股潟湖鑽孔生物已對牡蠣產業有影響，建議進一步探討鑽孔多毛類族群生物學與環境因子之相關性並發展防治方法及制定有效的管理措施。

Oysters are an important aquaculture shellfish in Taiwan. Boring organisms parasitize oyster shells, making them fragile. Oysters expend additional energy to repair the damage, impacting the oyster industry. This study investigated the diversity of species of boring organisms and their effects on oyster growth in Qigu Lagoon. The results showed that boring organisms in Qigu Lagoon included macroborers (>100 μm) of polychaetes and sponges and microborers (<100 μm) of boring microalgae. Oysters were 100% infected by polychaetes and 10% infected by Clionaidae sponges, with a cultural period of eight months. The primary boring polychaete species was Polydora lingshuiensis. The boring degree by macroborers (0, 1, 2) was negatively correlated with shell density and standardized condition index, affecting oyster yield and quality. The impact of boring microalgae Ostreobium on oyster shell density or standardized condition index was nonsignificant. With a more extended cultural period, the likelihood of oysters being parasitized by boring organisms increases. This study revealed that oysters that were larger than 3 cm were infected by macroborers during a cultural period of 3 months. Negative impacts of boring organisms on the oyster industry were observed. It is suggested that further study of the influence of environmental factors on polychaete population biology. Effective prevention and control methods also need to be developed.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 viii
表次 ix
壹、前言 1
1.1臺灣養殖牡蠣簡介 1
1.2鑽孔生物(Boring organisms)簡介 2
1.3鑽孔多毛類簡介 2
1.4鑽孔海綿簡介 3
1.5鑽孔微生物簡介 3
1.6研究動機與目的 4
貳、材料與方法 5
2.1七股潟湖鑽孔生物物種鑑定 5
2.1.1採樣時間與地點 5
2.1.2鑽孔多毛類分子生物鑑定 5
2.1.3鑽孔海綿骨針形態鑑定 7
2.1.4鑽孔微藻形態及分子生物鑑定 7
2.2七股潟湖大型鑽孔生物鑽殼程度調查 9
2.2.1採樣時間與地點 9
2.2.2牡蠣的死亡率調查 9
2.2.3大型鑽孔生物鑽殼程度調查 9
2.2.4統計分析 10
2.3大型鑽孔生物對養殖牡蠣生長的影響 10
2.3.1採樣時間與地點 11
2.3.2牡蠣標準化肥滿度(Standardized condition index)計算 11
2.3.3牡蠣殼密度(Shell density)計算 11
2.3.4大型鑽孔生物鑽殼程度調查 12
2.3.5統計分析 12
2.4鑽孔微藻鑽殼程度調查與其對牡蠣生長的影響 12
2.4.1採樣時間與地點 12
2.4.2、標準化肥滿度、密度與鑽孔微藻鑽殼程度調查 12
2.4.3統計分析 12
2.5七股潟湖養殖牡蠣被鑽孔生物鑽殼之最小殼長調查 13
2.5.1大型鑽孔生物 13
2.5.2鑽孔微藻 13
參、結果 14
3.1七股潟湖鑽孔生物鑑定 14
3.1.1鑽孔多毛類 14
3.1.2鑽孔海綿 14
3.1.3鑽孔微藻 15
3.2七股潟湖大型鑽孔生物鑽殼程度調查 15
3.2.1各樣點死亡率、大型鑽孔生物盛行率與鑽殼程度調查 15
3.2.2樣點、養殖時間與牡蠣死亡率之相關分析 16
3.2.3樣點、養殖時間與鑽殼程度之相關分析 16
3.3樣點、養殖時間與鑽孔生物鑽殼程度對養殖牡蠣生長的影響 16
3.3.2樣點、養殖時間與鑽孔生物鑽殼程度對標準化肥滿度之影響 17
3.3.3樣點、養殖時間與鑽孔生物鑽殼程度對殼密度之影響 17
3.4鑽孔微藻鑽殼程度調查與對牡蠣的生長影響 18
3.4.1樣點D不同養殖時間鑽孔微藻鑽殼程度調查 18
3.4.2鑽孔微藻鑽殼程度對標準化肥滿度、殼密度之影響 18
3.5七股潟湖養殖牡蠣鑽孔生物鑽殼之最小殼長 18
肆、討論 20
4.1七股潟湖牡蠣養殖區的大型鑽孔生物與其對牡蠣生長之影響 20
4.2七股潟湖牡蠣養殖區的微型鑽孔生物與其對牡蠣生長之影響 23
4.3養殖時間與牡蠣死亡率、殼長與鑽孔生物鑽殼程度之關係 24
伍、結論 28
陸、參考文獻 29

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