本研究動機為過往文獻提到員工認知組織鑲嵌對於留任有所影響，但本研究欲檢驗留任在組織中的員工，是否對自我職涯成功感受為滿意狀態，故本研究基於場地論的觀點，探討組織鑲嵌三個次構面（組織契合、組織犧牲、組織連結）與主觀職涯成功的關係，並檢驗工作塑造的中介機制。本研究設計以兩個時間點蒐集全職工作者個人填答的問卷資料，共回收304份有效樣本。研究結果說明（1）組織契合和組織連結兩者對於主觀職涯成功具有正向關係、（2）組織契合、組織犧牲和組織連結三者對於工作塑造具有正向關係、（3）工作塑造對於主觀職涯成功具有正向關係、（4）組織契合經由工作塑造的中介來提升主觀職涯成功、以及組織犧牲必須完全藉由工作塑造的中介來提高主觀職涯成功、同時組織連結透過工作塑造的中介來增加主觀職涯成功。最後，依循本研究結果針對實務場域提出具體的管理建議，亦也探討本研究限制，並提供未來研究方向之討論。

Previous literature suggested that employees' organizational embeddedness impacts their retention. Thus, this study wants to examine whether the employees who remain in the organization are satisfied with their career success. Based on field theory, this study examines the relationships between organizational embeddedness (including fit, sacrifice, and links) and subjective career success and tests the mediating effect of job crafting. The two-wave data was collected from 304 full-time employees in self-report. The results indicate that (1) Both fit and links positively relate to subjective career success. (2) Fit, sacrifice, and links have been positively related to job crafting. (3) Job crafting has a positive effect on subjective career success. (4) Job crafting partially mediates the relationship between fit / links and subjective career success. In addition, job crafting fully mediates the relationship between sacrifice and subjective career success. Finally, according to the research result, this study proposes practical implications, discusses the limitations, and gives recommendations for future research directions.

論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧與研究假設 5
第一節 組織鑲嵌 5
第二節 場地論 7
第三節 組織鑲嵌與主觀職涯成功 9
第四節 組織鑲嵌與工作塑造 13
第五節 工作塑造與主觀職涯成功 17
第六節 工作塑造對組織鑲嵌與主觀職涯成功之中介效果 19
第三章 研究方法 22
第一節 研究樣本與研究程序 22
第二節 研究工具 26
第三節 共同方法變異之處理方式 33
第四節 資料分析方式 34
第四章 研究結果 34
第一節 驗證性因素分析 34
第二節 相關係數分析 36
第三節 假設檢定 38
第四節 補充分析 43
第五章 研究討論與建議 45
第一節 研究結論 45
第二節 實務管理意涵 51
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 52
參考文獻 54
附錄 60
附錄一　第一階段員工職場個人感受問卷 60
附錄二　第二階段員工職場個人感受問卷 66
附錄三　補充表格說明 69

王豫萱、紀乃文、蘇妙悅（2021）。探討員工組織鑲嵌形態與其對任務績效、工作態度與行為的差異化影響。人力資源管理學報，21（1），1-26。 https://doi.org/10.6147/jhrm.202106_21(1).0001
林麗冠（2021，3月）。招募流程非變不可。哈佛商業評論全球繁體中文版數位版文章。https://www.hbrtaiwan.com/article/20197/reengineering-the-recruitment-process
侯秀琴（2022，03月）。你的員工福利，員工真的想要嗎。哈佛商業評論全球繁體中文版。https://www.hbrtaiwan.com/article/20940/rethinking-your-approach-to-the-employee-experience
高淑貴（1972）。場地論（Field Theory）與成人教育－學習理論在成人教育上的應用。農業推廣文彙，17，134-141。https://doi.org/10.29743/aea.197212.0010
傅佩雯（2009）。工作內鑲嵌和工作外鑲嵌對離職意圖的影響（碩士論文）。東吳大學心理學系。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r6r3u3
彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽（2006）。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23（1），77-98。https://doi.org/10.6504/JOM.2006.23.01.05
Abele, A. E., & Spurk, D. (2009). The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(1), 53-62.
Allen, D. G. (2006). Do organizational socialization tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turnover? Journal of Management, 32(2), 237-256.
Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.290
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
Barley, S. R. (1989). Careers, identities, and institutions: The legacy of the Chicago school of sociology. In B. S. Lawrence, D. T. Hall, & M. B. Arthur (Eds.), Handbook of career theory ,41-65. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511625459.005
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. New York: Columbia University Press.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Bizzi, L. (2016). Network characteristics: When an individual’s job crafting depends on the jobs of others. Human relations, 70(4), 436-460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716658963
Brief, A. P. (1998). Attitudes in and around organizations (Vol. 9). Sage.
Burnes, B., & Cooke, B. (2013). Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Re-evaluation. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), 408-425. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00348.x
Cenciotti, R., Alessandri, G., & Borgogni, L. (2017). Psychological capital and career success over time: The mediating role of job crafting. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(3), 372-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051816680558
Chen, H. (2013). The relationship between psychological capital and proactive career behavior of Chinese white collar workers in their early career. Department of Economics, Osaka University.
Cho, H., Kim, S., & Lee, Y. H. (2021). Sport coaches' positive emotions, task performance, and well-being: The mediating role of work satisfaction. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12.
Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(4), 532-537.
Cross., R., Pryor., G., & Sylvester., D. (2021). How to succeed quickly in a new role. Harvard Business Review.
De Pater, I. E., Van Vianen, A. E. M., Fischer, A. H., & Van Ginkel, W. P. (2009). Challenging experiences: Gender differences in task choice. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(1-2), 4-28.
Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237-247.
Dong, Y. T., Seo, M. G., & Bartol, K. M. (2014). No pain, no gain: An affect-based model of developmental job experience and the buffering effects of emotional intelligence. Academy of management journal, 57(4), 1056-1077. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0687
Feldman, D. C., & Ng, T. W. H. (2007). Careers: mobility, embeddedness, and success. Journal of Management, 33(3), 350-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300815
Hall, D. T. (1976). Careers in organizations. Goodyear Publishing Company.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. Taylor & Francis.
Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Eberly, M. B. (2008). Turnover and retention research: A glance at the past, a closer review of the present, and a venture into the Future. Academy of Management annals, 2, 231-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211552
Holtom., D. A. B. (2019). Better ways to predict who's going to quit. Harvard Business Review. https://www.hbrtaiwan.com/article/19098/better-ways-to-predict-whos-going-to-quit
Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., & Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013453
Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (2012). When and how is job Embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1077-1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028610
Kiazad, K., Holtom, B. C., Hom, P. W., & Newman, A. (2015). Job embeddedness: A multifoci theoretical extension. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 641-659. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038919
Kiazad, K., Kraimer, M. L., Seibert, S. E., & Sargent, L. (2020). Understanding organizational embeddedness and career success: Who and what you know. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(7), 678-693. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2464
Kundi, Y. M., Hollet-Haudebert, S., & Peterson, J. (2020). Linking protean and boundaryless career attitudes to subjective career success: A serial nediation model. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(2), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720959782
Kundi, Y. M., Hollet-Haudebert, S., & Peterson, J. (2021). Career adaptability, job crafting and subjective career success: the moderating roles of lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism. Personnel Review, 21. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-04-2020-0260
Lau, R. S., & Cheung, G. W. (2012). Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models. Organizational Research Methods, 15(1), 3-16.
Leana, C., Appelbaum, E., & Shevchuk, I. (2009). Work process and quality of care in early childhood education: The role of job crafting. Academy of management journal, 52(6), 1169-1192.
Lee, T. W., Burch, T. C., & Mitchell, T. R. (2014). The story of why we stay: A review of job embeddedness. In F. P. Morgeson (Ed.), Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091244
Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of management journal, 47(5), 711-722. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159613
Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: selected theoretical papers (Edited by Dorwin Cartwright.). Harpers.
Mallol, C. M., Holtom, B. C., & Lee, T. W. (2007). Job embeddedness in a culturally diverse environment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-007-9045-x
Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of management journal, 44(6), 1102-1121. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069391
Ng, T. W. H., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 367-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2009). Occupational embeddedness and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 863-891. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.580
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010a). The effects of organizational embeddedness on development of social capital and human capital. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 696-712. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019150
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2013). The effects of organisational embeddedness on insomnia. Applied Psychology-an International Review-Psychologie Appliquee-Revue Internationale, 62(2), 330-357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00522.x
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2014a). Community embeddedness and work outcomes: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness. Human relations, 67(1), 71-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713486946
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2014b). Subjective career success: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(2), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.06.001
Nielsen, K., & Abildgaard, J. S. (2012). The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers. Work & Stress, 26(4), 365-384.
Niessen, C., Weseler, D., & Kostova, P. (2016). When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual motivation and work characteristics for job crafting. Human relations, 69(6), 1287-1313.
Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making Things Happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36(4), 827-856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310363732
Peltokorpi, V., Allen, D. G., & Froese, F. (2015). Organizational embeddedness, turnover intentions, and voluntary turnover: The moderating effects of employee demographic characteristics and value orientations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 292-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1981
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rafaeli, E., Cranford, J. A., Green, A. S., Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2008). The good and bad of relationships: How social hindrance and social support affect relationship feelings in daily life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(12), 1703-1718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208323742
Schneider, B., Goldstein, H. W., & Smith, D. B. (1995). The ASA framework: An update. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 747-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01780.x
Semeijn, J. H., van der Heijden, B., & De Beuckelaer, A. (2020). Personality traits and types in relation to career success: An empirical comparison using the big five. Applied Psychology-an International Review-Psychologie Appliquee-Revue Internationale, 69(2), 538-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12174
Shockley, K. M., Ureksoy, H., Rodopman, O. B., Poteat, L. F., & Dullaghan, T. R. (2016). Development of a new scale to measure subjective career success: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 128-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2046
Sparrowe, R. T., Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Kraimer, M. L. (2001). Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups. Academy of management journal, 44(2), 316-325. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069458
Stebbins, R. A. (1970). Career: The Subjective Approach. The Sociological Quarterly, 11(1), 32-49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4105274
Stride, C. B., Gardner, S., Catley, N., & Thomas, F. (2015). Mplus code for mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation models.
Stumpf, S. A. (2014). A longitudinal study of career success, embeddedness, and mobility of early career professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(2), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.06.002
Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA journal of industrial psychology, 36(2), 1-9.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2013). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 18(2), 230.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2015). Examining job crafting from an interpersonal perspective: Is employee job crafting related to the well-being of colleagues?. Applied Psychology, 64(4), 727-753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12043
Tims, M., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job crafting and its relationships with person–job fit and meaningfulness: A three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 44-53.
Van der Heijde, C. M., & Van der Heijden, B. (2006). A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability. Human Resource Management, 45(3), 449-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20119
Van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2017). Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.008
Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Sablynski, C. J. (2012). How do employees invest abundant resources? The mediating role of work effort in the job‐embeddedness/job‐performance relationship. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 244-266.
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of management review, 26(2), 179-201.
Wrzesniewski, A., LoBuglio, N., Dutton, J. E., & Berg, J. M. (2013). Job crafting and cultivating positive meaning and identity in work. In A. B. Bakker (Ed.), Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology ,1, 281-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2046-410X(2013)0000001015
Zhang, I. D., Lam, L. W., Dong, L. Z., & Zhu, J. N. Y. (2020). Can lob-embedded employees be satisfied? The role of job crafting and goal-striving orientations. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(3), 435-447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09684-6