本論文提出一個於分散式多輸入多輸出 (Multi-input multi-output, MIMO)天線架構的雷達系統，並以低中頻接收機進行降頻處理，其利用分時多工方式處理MIMO的陣列天線以達成單輸入多輸出之線性陣列特性，用以進行到達角估計，同時，將天線區分成兩個天線組的分散式天線架構，使系統可以得到目標物對於不同位置的天線組之角度，並以此進行室內二維定位，其優勢為即使不佔用頻寬亦能得出目標距離資訊。本論文還提出都卜勒權重法進行到達角估計，此法可用於抵抗雜波干擾及進行多人感測，同時利用超解析度演算法增進都卜勒權重法用於尋找目標都卜勒頻率及到達角估計的效能，而後利用數位波束成型技術還原出不同位置上的目標都卜勒訊號。最終實驗證明所使用的演算法可以進行室內多人定位及生理徵象感測，位置誤差皆在10 cm以內，感測之生理訊號中呼吸頻率的誤差小於0.1 Hz，心跳頻率的誤差小於0.07 Hz。

This study present a Doppler continue wave (CW) radar base on a distributed mult-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna array technology. In the experiment, the time-division multiplexing was used in the transmitter (TX) to make the mixed array signal in the receiver (RX) can be separated. Besides, the four TX antennas and 4 RX antennas were divided into two sets of antennas in order to achieve the 2D mapping. After separating the array signal, the Doppler weighted DOA estimation proposed in this study was conducted to evaluate the DOA information of multitargets. The frequency estimation algorithm (FEA) was used to improve the effectiveness of DOA estimation. The digital beamforming was then performed to recover the Doppler signal of different target at different angle. The results prove that the proposed DOA estimation and digital beamforming method can not only accurately determine the targets’ position but also obtain their Doppler information reliably.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2以距離定位之雷達 3
1.3以角度定位之雷達 6
1.4 二維定位雷達系統回顧 8
1.5 章節規劃 11
第二章 硬體架構 12
2.1系統架構介紹 12
2.2 基於分時多工之多輸入多輸出之相位陣列天線 13
2.2.1 單輸入多輸出雷達介紹 13
2.2.2 多輸入多輸出雷達介紹 14
2.2.3 分散式MIMO天線設置 17
2.3 低中頻接收機 18
第三章 訊號處理 22
3.1 到達角估計 22
3.2 都卜勒權重法進行到達角估計 25
3.2.1理論說明 25
3.2.2 模擬驗證及討論 27
3.3 基於角度之二維定位 32
3.4 波束成型 33
3.4.1理論說明 33
3.4.2模擬驗證及討論 36
第四章 目標追蹤及生理監測實驗 38
4.1前言 38
4.2系統實驗設置 38
4.3 實驗校正設置 40
4.4致動器實驗 42
4.4.1單金屬板驗證 42
4.4.2雙金屬板實驗 45
4.5人體定位及生理訊號追蹤實驗 50
4.5.1 雙人定位追蹤實驗 50
4.5.2 三人定位追蹤實驗 53
第五章 結論 57
參考文獻 58

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