主動式天線依照功能可分為振盪器式主動天線、放大器式主動天線與頻率轉換式主動天線，本篇論文主動式天線設計為振盪器式主動天線，將半波長偶極天線作為諧振器，取代傳統振盪器以電感電容被動元件為主的諧振器，同時也是振盪器的輻射性負載。依照天線的互易性，此天線同時可將受生命徵象訊號所影響之訊號接收回振盪器而形成一自我注入路徑，結合頻率解調器進行自我注入鎖定都卜勒雷達架構生命徵象訊號偵測。
本篇論文將主動式天線依量測方式分為監測式量測與接觸式量測，監測式量測為主動式天線與受測者保持一段距離，量測方式與一般雷達架構相同，但缺點身體隨機移動影響較明顯。接觸式量測將主動式天線直接配戴於受測者身上，由於受測者身體移動時與主動天線之間無相對移動，理論上較不受身體隨機移動影響。接觸式量測實驗中同時設計了幾種不同的身體動作來測試此架構對受測者身體移動的影響，並利用快速傅立葉轉換頻譜來進行相關性運算，針對不同的身體移動來進行生命徵象訊號的判讀。本論文最後將此架構用於偵測聲帶振動，實驗結果也證明其靈敏度足夠判讀聲帶微小的振動。

Active integrated antennas (AIAs) are divided into oscillator type AIAs, amplifier type AIAs and frequency-conversion type AIAs. The AIAs designed in this master thesis are oscillator type. Instead of using lumped component like inductors and capacitors, I use a half-wavelength antenna as resonator. In this design, antenna is also treat as a radiated loading. According to reciprocity, antenna receives the reflection signal affected by human body movement and vital sign at the same time. This behavior is regarded as a self-injection locking oscillator.
In this master thesis, active antenna is used in monitoring and contacting measurement. In monitoring measurement, active antenna and subject keep their distance. Subject random body movement affects the measured result. Contacting measurement means active antenna pastes on the subject, thus there is no relative displacement between active antenna and subject. Random body movement affect iscancelled in theory. In contacting measurement design some different body motions to test the tolerance of this measurement structure, and use correlation to cancel random body movement. The sensitivity of active antenna structure is enough to detect the vocal vibration in contacting measurement.

摘要 .................................................................................................................................. i
Abstract ........................................................................................................................... ii
目 錄 ............................................................................................................................. iii
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................................. iv
表目錄 ............................................................................................................................. vi
第一章 緒論 .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 現有生命徵象訊號偵測產品介紹 .................................................................. 2
1.3 都卜勒雷達架構生命徵象訊號偵測器 .......................................................... 5
1.4 論文章節規劃 ................................................................................................ 11
第二章 主動式天線 ................................................................................................ 12
2.1 主動式天線簡介 ............................................................................................ 12
2.2 振盪器式主動天線原理與設計 .................................................................... 12
2.3 振盪器式主動天線模擬與量測 .................................................................... 16
第三章 應用主動式天線於生命徵象訊號偵測 .................................................... 28
3.1 生命徵象訊號偵測器架構 ............................................................................ 28
3.2 監測式生命徵象訊號量測 ............................................................................ 31
3.3 接觸式標籤生命徵象訊號量測 .................................................................... 32
3.4 聲帶量測 ........................................................................................................ 38
第四章 結論 ............................................................................................................ 41
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................................ 42

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