本文提出了一種單次轉頻之自我注入鎖定(SCSIL)雷達，用於檢測地底下管道的洩漏狀況，該雷達架構中使用5.8 GHz 的SIL震盪器(SILO)當作訊號源，經過降頻混頻器將中心頻率移至0.433 GHz ，回波訊號再經過上混頻器升頻回5.8 GHz 注入回SILO內形成注入鎖定狀態。在論文中我們在22公分厚的土牆屏蔽下分別比較了SCSIL雷達、傳統5.8 GHz SIL雷達和0.433 GHz SIL雷達的頻率偏移量，透過增加SILO的鎖定範圍和降低傳播損耗可以提高系統靈敏度和穿透力。為了瞭解管道洩漏所造成的負壓波(NPW)表現，在MATLAB上進行模擬，並對檢測原理進行解釋。在非接觸式的地下管道洩漏中，可以利用信號的標準差(STD)來判斷管線洩漏位置，透過觀察不同的量測點成功判斷了水管狀況並定位洩漏位置，最後本論文討論了洩漏量大小和管徑大小等變量對所提出的判別法造成的趨勢為何。

This thesis proposes a single-conversion self-injection-locked (SCSIL) radar for sensing underground pipeline leakage through moist soil. In the implemented prototype, the 5.8 GHz output signal of the SIL oscillator (SILO) down-converts to a 0.433 GHz transmit signal, and the echo signal is up-converted as the injection signal of the SILO. In experiments, the SCSIL radar, the conventional 5.8 GHz SIL radar, and conventional 0.433 GHz SIL radar were compared under the same conditional at a 22cm thick soil barrier. The system sensitivity and penetration can be both improved by increasing the SILO’s locking range and decreasing the wireless propagation loss. To understand the behavior of the negative pressure wave (NPW) caused by the pipeline leakage, the simulation on MATLAB were conducted and the detection principle were evaluated. In noncontact underground pipeline leakage detection, the standard deviation (STD) of the demodulated signals can be utilized to estimate the leak location. The leakage detection and localization were successful distinguish by observing different measurement points, furthermore, the variables like leak size and diameter of the pipeline were discussed in this thesis.

Keywords : frequency-conversion, ground penetrating radar, pipeline leakage detection, self-injection-locked (SIL) radar.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景與測量方法 1
1.2 接觸式管線洩漏偵測技術 1
1.3 非接觸式管線洩漏偵測技術 4
1.4電磁技術感測洩漏文獻討論 7
1.5 論文架構 19
第二章 系統架構 20
2.1自我注入鎖定理論 20
2.1.1 注入鎖定模型 20
2.1.2 自我注入鎖定理論 23
2.2 單次轉頻自我注入雷達系統 28
2.3 系統驗證 33
第三章 液壓模型模擬 38
第四章 實驗與量測 45
4.1 實驗環境設置 45
4.2 管線量測結果 48
4.2.1 管線振動偵測驗證 48
4.2.2 不同洩漏量之量測結果 53
4.2.3 不同管徑之量測結果 55
第五章 結論 57
參考文獻 58

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