SR被普遍視為實現6G行動通訊效能指標的關鍵技術之一。而多輸入多輸出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，簡稱MIMO）系統是當前5G及未來6G的重要發展趨勢，因為MIMO系統能以一種不增加系統頻寬的方式提升系統效能，因此如何利用SR優化MIMO系統成為一項重要課題。然而，在MIMO系統中隨著頻率的升高導致天線陣列的更緊密排列，隔離度不足使得主動式SR無法提供更大的系統增益的問題隨著頻率愈發嚴重。
因此，本論文提出了三種可行性架構，包括兩種轉頻式主動SR架構，這些設計利用轉頻來使用不同頻段的輸入輸出天線以避開天線間之隔離度需求。此外，針對相同頻段之輸入輸出天線，本論文提出了一種基於自干擾消除(Self-Interference Cancellation，簡稱SIC)的主動式SR架構，通過電路改善等校天線隔離度的方式來滿足主動式SR因更高的系統增益所產生的隔離度需求。本論文對上述架構設計進行了可行性評估，並通過實測驗證其可行性。

SR is widely regarded as one of the key technologies for achieving 6G mobile communication performance indicators. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems represent a significant development trend in current 5G and future 6G networks, as they can enhance system performance without increasing system bandwidth. Therefore, optimizing MIMO systems using SR has become an important issue. However, in MIMO systems, higher frequencies lead to closer antenna array arrangements, resulting in insufficient isolation, which diminishes the system gain provided by active SR, especially at higher frequencies.
This paper proposes three feasible architectures, including two frequency-converting active SR designs. These designs utilize frequency conversion to employ input and output antennas in different bands, thus circumventing the isolation requirements between antennas. Furthermore, for input and output antennas operating in the same band, this paper presents an active SR architecture based on Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC). This architecture increases effective antenna isolation to meet the isolation requirements generated by the higher system gain of active SR. This paper evaluates the feasibility of these designs and verifies their viability through practical measurements.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
圖次 viii
表次 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2 RIS架構介紹 3
1.2.1 被動式RIS與主動式RIS差別 6
1.3 Active RIS的侷限 7
1.3.1 巴克豪森穩定條件 8
1.3.2 改良主動式RIS設計 9
1.4 應用場景 9
1.5 章節規劃 10
第二章 UE-CoMIMO 11
2.1 技術原理 11
2.1.1 轉頻主動式SR雛形驗證 13
2.2.1 系統元件介紹 15
2.2.2 自製元件介紹 16
2.3 通訊實驗 19
2.3.1 通訊平台介紹 19
2.3.2 OTA通訊實驗測試 22
第三章 自干擾消除主動式SR 34
3.1.1 自干擾消除分析 36
3.2 天線與元件介紹 40
3.2.1 SR天線介紹 40
3.2.2 元件介紹 42
3.3.1 時間延遲匹配 49
3.3.2 SIC頻帶外增益抑制 51
3.4 通訊系統測試 54
3.4.1 1T1R SIC-ASR通訊系統測試 54
3.4.2 1T1R SIC-ASR OTA系統測試 59
3.4.3 2T2R SIC-ASR之預期挑戰 61
第四章 結論與未來展望 63
參考文獻 64

[1]Mediatek 6G Vision White Paper Version 1.0 [Online].Available:
https://d86o2zu8ugzlg.cloudfront.net/mediatek-craft/documents/MediaTek-6G-Vision-White-Paper-EN0122.pdf
[2]C. De Lima et al., “Convergent communication, sensing and localization in 6G systems: An overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 26902–26925, 2021.
[3]I. Ahmed, H. Khammari, A. Shahid, A. Musa, K. S. Kim, E. De Poorter, and I. Moerman, ‘‘A survey on hybrid beamforming techniques in 5G: Architecture and system model perspectives,’’ IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3060–3097, 4th Quart., 2018.
[4]M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, "Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks:
A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.
18, no. 3, pp. 1617-1655, 2016.
[5]M. Xiao et al., "Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile
Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 35, no. 9,
pp. 1909-1935, 2017.
[6]V. Venkateswaran and A.-J. van der Veen, “Analog beamforming in MIMO communications with phase shift networks and online channel estimation,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4131–4143, Aug. 2010.
[7]D. Chian et al., “Active SR-assisted MIMO-OFDM system: Analyses and prototype measurements,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 208–212, Jan 2024
[8]Q. Wang and Y. D. Jing, “Performance analysis and scaling law of MRC/MRT relaying with CSI error in multi-pair massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 5882–5896, Sep. 2017.Wi
[9]X. Mu, Y. Liu, J. Xu, L. Guo, and J. Lin, “Joint beamforming optimization for simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) SR aided communications : (invited paper),”in 2021 55th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Oct, 2021, pp. 709–714.
[10]M. M. Amri, “Recent trends in the Smart repeaters (SR): Active SR to brain-controlled SR,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Netw. Satell. (COMNETSAT), Nov. 2022, pp. 299–304.
[11]R. Sankar and S. P. Chepuri, “Beamforming in hybrid SR assisted integrated sensing and communication systems,” in Proc. EUSIPCO, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022, pp. 1082–1086.
[12]Q. Zhu, H. Li, R. Liu, M. Li, and Q. Liu, “Hybrid beamforming and passive reflection design for SR-assisted mmWave MIMO systems,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Workshops (ICC Workshops), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2021, pp. 1–6.
[13]M. M. Amri, “Recent trends in the Smart repeaters (SR): Active SR to brain-controlled SR,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Netw. Satell. (COMNETSAT), Nov. 2022, pp. 299–304.
[14]R. A. Tasci, F. Kilinc, E. Basar, and G. C. Alexandropoulos, “A new SR architecture with a single power amplifier: Energy efficiency and error performance analysis,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 44804–44815, 2022.
[15]K. E. Kolodziej, B. T. Perry, and J. G. McMichael, “Multitap RF canceller for in-band full-duplex wireless communications,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 4321–4334, Jun. 2016.
[16]C. Shi et al., “Wideband RF self-interference cancellation for FMCW phased-array radar,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 225284–225293, 2020.
[17]K. E. Kolodziej, J. G. McMichael, and B. T. Perry, “Adaptive RF canceller for transmit-receive isolation improvement,” in Proc. IEEE Radio Wireless Symp. (RWS), Jan. 2014, pp. 172–174.
[18]L.-S. Tsai et al., “MIMO Evolution Toward 6G: End-User-Centric Collaborative MIMO,” IEEE Commun. Mag., 2023, pp. 1–7.
[19]S. Hong et al., ‘‘Applications of self-interference cancellation in 5G and
beyond,’’ IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 114–121, Feb. 2014.
[20]K. E. Kolodziej, J. G. McMichael, and B. T. Perry, ‘‘Multitap RF canceller
for in-band full-duplex wireless communications,’’ IEEE Trans. Wireless
Commun., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 4321–4334, Jun. 2016.
[21] P1214 advanced technology materials INC [Online].Available:
https://www.alldatasheet.co.kr/datasheet-pdf/pdf/261100/ATM/P1214.html
[22] Marvelous Microwave .com[Online].Available:
https://micro-mve.com/