在網路世代下，興起一款名為VAA（Voting Advice Application）的線上投票諮詢系統。VAA能夠幫助使用者獲得投票建議，省下為了做出投票決定而搜集候選人或政黨相關資訊，所花費的時間與精力成本。現今民主國家的低投票率，以及人民因暴露過量資訊感到壓力而傾向希望以更省時的方式做出投票決定，多數研究顯示，VAA能為當前政治現況帶來正面效益，除了能夠促進投票行為，也能給予民眾較正確的政治資訊，幫助智慧投票。
iVoter為台灣首創的VAA，過往研究顯示，iVoter的資訊效用對於增進投票意願有幫助，並且能提升政治興趣。但其中未曾被考慮的是，填答議題立場的過程中填答者所花費的心力，即知覺心力，是否也會對投票意願造成影響？亦或是與資訊效用具有調節作用？因此，本研究試圖以實驗研究法，將大學生受試者隨機分成三組進行實驗，再以問卷形式進行後測研究並加以分析。
本研究的貢獻有三：一、本研究為少數使用實驗研究法為研究方式之論文，希望透過嚴謹的實驗設計更進一步探討資訊效用與知覺心力間的因果關係。二、VAA為跨足政治、資訊與網路科技的產物，而本研究除了結合實驗研究法，更加入心理學變數探討當中的因果關係。三、本研究藉由本次實驗，間接推廣iVoter這項網路工具，使更多人獲得足夠的政治知識，增進民眾參與政治的意願。

Voting advice application, also known as VAA, has been a popular online tool in this modern network generation. VAA can help users by giving them vote suggestions and saving their time and energy cost of collecting information about candidates or political parties in order to make voting decisions. Democracies today suffer from low turnout and information overload, make people vote with simple reason or even not go to vote. Many researches show that VAA gives people political information, help them vote wisely, and brings benefits like improving voting behavior.
Taiwan’s first VAA is iVoter. Research about iVoter shows that using this tool and obtain information may increase willingness to vote and political intrest. However, there is no consideration about perceived effort effect. Do perceived effort also affect vote willingness? Or there is mutual adjustment effect between information utility thus perceived effect? This research using true experiment method design, with three group of college student, attend to figure out causal relationship between them.
The contributions of this research are as follow: 1. This research is one of the few studies that use experimental research methods as research methods. 2. VAA is a product of politics, information, and Internet technology. In addition to combining experimental design, this research also adds to the explore of causality in psychological variables. 3. Through this experiment, we may promote iVoter to more and more people, help them gain political knowledge and improve political behavior.

目錄
論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 章節介紹 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
第一節 VAA介紹與研究整理 8
第二節 資訊效用與知覺心力在VAA對投票意願的影響機制 14
第三章 研究方法 19
第一節 研究流程 19
第二節 研究設計與假設 20
第三節 研究工具：iVoter 26
第四節 問卷設計 31
第五節 實際操作流程 32
第六節 統計分析 34
第七節 研究限制 34
第四章 實驗結果分析 36
第一節 基本人口學分析 36
第二節 iVoter資訊與投政黨票意願 40
第三節 資訊效用與投票意願 43
第四節 知覺心力與投票意願 45
第五章 結論 47
第一節 研究結果 47
第二節 討論 50
參考文獻 53
中文參考文獻 53
英文參考文獻 54
網路資料 59
附件ㄧ、問卷 60
附件二、亂數表 69

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網路資料

iVoter投票諮詢網站：https://ivoter.tw/

財團法人台灣網路資訊中心 ( 2020 ) 。2020年台灣網路報告。存取日期：2021年3月28日，取自https://www.twnic.tw/doc/twrp/202012e.pdf

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Advances in telephone survey sampling
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