在環境與時代的變遷之下，越來越多企業開始認知員工是公司最大的資產，為了創造企業持續性的競爭力，企業的人力資源管理顯得格外重要，但是偏偏人卻是難以理解與管理的。本研究主要探討員工之「組織政治行為」、「良性妒羨」、「惡性妒羨」與「組織政治知覺」的現況與四者關係。
本研究採質性研究的方式進行，訪談了8位受訪者，包含4位主管與4位員工，皆來自於兩家製造業公司。
本研究結果顯示：一、妒羨會導致員工的組織政治行為；二、與主管、同事的關係越差，其組織政治知覺越高；三、較低的組織政治知覺，引發較多的良性妒羨，較高的組織政治知覺，導致較多的惡性妒羨；四、組織政治知覺會影響員工之組織政治行為動機

Since the change of environment, more and more companies are realizing that their employees are their greatest asset. In order to have the sustainable competitive, human resource management becomes significant, however, people are the most difficult to understand and manage. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational politics behavior, benign envy, malicious envy and the perception of organizational politics.
This study was conducted in a qualitative research,8 respondents were interviewed, including 4 supervisors and 4 employees, and they are from two manufacturing companies.
The results of this study shown:
1.Envy will lead to organizational politics behavior.
2.The worse the relationship with colleagues and supervisors, the higher perception of organizational politics.
3.Lower perception of organizational politics can trigger more benign envy; higher perception of organizational politics can trigger more malicious envy
4.Perception of organizational politics will affect the motivation of organizational political behavior.

Table of Contents
論文審定書………………………………………………………………………………..…….…………….……i
摘要………………………………………………………………………………..…….…………….……..………. ii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..…….…………….………… iii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1
1.2RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS BEHAVIOR 3
2.2ENVY 6
2.3ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS BEHAVIOR AND ENVY 7
2.4PERCEPTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS 7
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 10
3.1RESEARCH APPROACH 10
3.2RESEARCH DESIGN 11
3.3DATA COLLECTION 12
CHAPTER4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 14
4.1 BENIGN ENVY AND MALICIOUS ENVY 14
4.2 PERCEPTION OF POLITICS BEHAVIOR 18
CHAPTER5 CONCLUSION 31
5.1RESEARCH CONCLUSION 31
5.2PRACTICAL MEANING 33
REFERENCE 35
APPENDIX 40
APPENDIX1. INTERVIEW QUESTION 40
APPENDIX2. TRANSCRIPT 42

Ashforth, B. E., & Lee, R. T. (1990). Defensive behavior in organizations: A preliminary model. Human relations, 43(7), 621-648.
Buchanan, D. A. (2008). You stab my back, I'll stab yours: Management experience and perceptions of organization political behaviour. British Journal of Management, 19(1), 49-64.
Burns, T. (1961). Micropolitics: Mechanisms of organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1961, 6, 257-281.
Champoux, J. E. (2010). Organizational behavior: Integrating individuals, groups, and organizations. Routledge.
Cohen-Charash, Y., & Mueller, J. S. (2007). Does perceived unfairness exacerbate or mitigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors related to envy?. Journal of applied psychology, 92(3), 666.
Cropanzano, R., Howes J. C., & Grandey A. A. (1997). The Relationship of Organizational Politics and Support to Work Behaviors, Attitudes, and Stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 159-180.
Crossley, C. D. (2009). Emotional and behavioral reactions to social undermining: A closer look at perceived offender motives. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 14-24.
Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2014). What catches the envious eye? Attentional biases within malicious and benign envy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 1-11.
DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2).
DuBrin, A. J. (2009). Political behavior in organizations. Sage.
Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2006). Green and mean: Envy and social undermining in organizations. In Ethics in groups. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Elbanna, S., Thanos, I. C., & Papadakis, V. M. (2014). Understanding how the contextual variables influence political behaviour in strategic decision-making: A constructive replication. Journal of Strategy and Management.
Elster, J. (1991). Envy in social life. Strategy and choice, 49-82.
Farrell, D., & Petersen, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organization. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 403-412.
Ferris, G. R. & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management. 18(1), 93-116.

Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1989). Perceptions of organizational politics. Paper presented at the 49th Annual Academy of Management Meeting, Washington, D.C.
Ferris, G. R., & King, T. R. (1991). Politics in human resources decision A walk on dark side. Organization Dynamics, 20, 59-71.
Ferris, G. R., Fedor, D. B., Chachere, J. G., & Pondy, L. R. (1989). Myths and politics in organizational contexts. Group & Organization Studies, 14(1), 83-103.
Ferris, G. R., Harrell-Cook, G., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2000). Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behavior. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfield (Eds.), Impression management in the organization (pp 143–170). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., & Frink, D. D. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of management, 31(1), 126-152.
Ferris, G.R. and King, T.R. (1991) Politics in Human Resources Decisions: A Walk on the Dark Side. Organizational Dynamics, 20, 59-71.
Foster, G. M., Apthorpe, R. J., Bernard, H. R., Bock, B., Brogger, J., Brown, J. K., ... & Whiting, B. B. (1972). The anatomy of envy: A study in symbolic behavior. Current anthropology, 13(2), 165-202.
Gandz, J., & Murray, V. V. (1980). The experience of workplace politics. Academy of Management journal, 23(2), 237-251.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (1995). Behavior in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work. Prentice Hall.
Harvey, E., & Mills, R. (1970). Patterns of organizational adaptation: A political perspective. Power in organizations, 181-213.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Hochwarter, W. A. (2012). The positive side of organizational politics.
Kacmar K. M., Bozeman D. P., Carlson, D. S. & Anthony W. P., (1999), An
Examination of Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model: Replication and
Extension. Human Relations, 52(3), 383-415.
Lewin, K. (1936), Principles of Topological Psychology, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Longenecker, C. O., Sims Jr, H. P., & Gioia, D. A. (1987). Behind the mask: The politics of employee appraisal. Academy of Management Perspectives, 1(3), 183-193.
Liu, Y., Liu, J., & Wu, L. (2010). Are you willing and able? Roles of motivation, power, and politics in career growth. Journal of Management, 36(6), 1432-1460.
Mayes, B. T., & Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward a definition of organizational politics. Academy of management review, 2(4), 672-678.
Mayes, B. T., & Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward A Definition of Organizational Politics. The Academy of Management Review, 2(4), 672-678
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations.
Myers, M. D. (2019). Qualitative research in business and management. Sage.
Neu, J. (1980). Jealous thoughts.
Parrott, W. G. (1991). The emotional experience of envy and jealousy.
Parrott, W. G., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of personality and social psychology, 64(6), 906.
Ratner, C. (2002, ). Subjectivity and objectivity in qualitative methodology. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(3).
Robbins, S. P. (2010). Organizational behavior.
Robert O'Brien (2002). Organizational Politics, Multilateral Economic Organizations and Social Policy.
Rubin, D. B. (2005). Causal inference using potential outcomes: Design, modeling, decisions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100(469), 322-331.
Rubin, I. (1989). Aaron Wildavsky and the Demise of Incrementalism [Review of The New Politics of the Budgetary Process; Budgeting: A Comparative Theory of Budgetary Processes, by A. Wildavsky]. Public Administration Review, 49(1), 78–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/977234
Salovey, P., & Rothman, A. J. (1991). Envy and jealousy: Self and society.
Sandelowski, M. (2004). Using qualitative research. Qualitative health research, 14(10), 1366-1386.
Schaubroeck, J., & Lam, S. S. (2004). Comparing lots before and after: Promotion rejectees' invidious reactions to promotees. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 94(1), 33-47.
Smith, R. H. (1991). Envy and the sense of injustice
Tai, K., Narayanan, J., & McAllister, D. J. 2012. Envy as pain: Rethinking the nature of envy and its implications for employees and organizations. Academy of Management Review, 37(1): 107-129.
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human relations, 53(3), 359-386.
Vecchio, R. P. (1997). It's not easy being green: Jealousy and envy in the workplace. In R.P. Vecchio (Ed.) Leadership: Understanding the Dynamics of Power and Influence in Organizations (pp. 542-562). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Wamsley, G. L., & Zald, M. N. (1973). The Political Economy of Public Organizations. Public Administration Review, 33(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/974786

鐘嘉慧 (1999), 組織公平與管理者信任對組織政治行為影響之研究, 淡江大學國際貿易學系, 碩士論文, 未出版.
林月珠 (1994), 組織政治與組織發展：一個政治性觀點對中立性觀點的探索, 東吳政治學報, 3, 279-313.