本論文旨在於探討人格特質、文化智商（CQ）與跨文化適應之間的關係，並將文化衝擊和孤獨感考慮作為調節變項。然後再進一步探討文化智商對於國際學生畢業後留台工作意願的影響。本研究以在台灣留學或留學過的國際學生為研究對象，並採用電子問卷調查的量化方式，共收集到305份有效問卷。本研究主要使用SPSS的PROCESS分析模組中的模型16（MODEL 16）進行數據分析，研究結果顯示：（1）經驗開放性人格與文化智商之間有正向顯著的影響（2）文化智商與跨文化調適之間有正向顯著的影響（3）文化智商在經驗開放性人格與跨文化調適之間具有中介效果（4）國際學生的文化衝擊越低，其跨文化調適能力越高（5）跨文化調適能力越高，其畢業後留台工作機率越高。本研究強調了文化智商在經驗開放性人格特質和跨文化適應之間的作用。此外，研究發現文化智商對於國際學生的畢業後留台意願產生間接且正向的影響。本研究為現有有關文化智商與跨文化適應的文獻提供了一個新的視角，闡述了文化智商的應用對於國際學生的畢業後留台意願的影響。

This study aims to investigate how Cultural Intelligence (CQ) affects post-graduate working intention in Taiwan. In order to find out the answer, this study will first examine the connection between personality traits and cross-cultural adjustment (CCA), considering the mediating role of CQ and the moderating effects of culture shock and loneliness. Then, will look more closely at how CQ affects international students’ working intentions in Taiwan after graduation. The analysis was based on 305 international students who were either enrolled in or had already finished their studies in Taiwan. The Model 16 of SPSS PROCESS (version 4.2) was used as the main tool for data analysis. The results indicate that (1) Openness to experiences significantly impacts CQ; (2) CQ highly impacts CCA; (3) CQ mediates the relationship between openness to experiences and CCA; (4) International students’ culture shock negatively affects their CCA; and (5) International students with higher CCA, will having higher working intention in Taiwan after graduation. The study emphasizes how CQ mediates the relationship between openness to experiences personality and the adjustment's ability to different cultures. Furthermore, the study discovered that CQ positively influences overseas students' intentions to work in Taiwan after graduation in an indirect way. By offering a fresh viewpoint on the application of CQ and its implications for international students' post-graduate working intentions in Taiwan, this research adds to the body of knowledge already available on CQ and CCA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Thesis Validation Letter ...... i
摘要 ...... ii
ABSTRACTS ...... iii

CHAPTER I -INTRODUCTION ...... 1
A. Research Background ...... 1
B. Research Gap ...... 3
C. Research Questions ...... 4
D. Definition of Term ...... 5

CHAPTER II -LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 7
A. International Students ...... 7
1. Description of Taiwan's Work Environment for International Students ...... 10
B. Personality_The Big Five Personality Traits...... 14
C. Cultural Intelligence (CQ)...... 15
D. Cross-Cultural Adjustment (CCA)...... 19
E. Culture Shock...... 21
F. Loneliness...... 23
G. The Post-Graduate Working Intention of International Students...... 26
H. Correlation Among Each Item...... 27
1. Personality- .Openness to Experiences with CQ & CCA...... 27
2. CQ and CCA...... 29
3. Personality Traits, CQ, CCA...... 30
4. Culture Shock, CCA...... 30
5. CQ, Culture Shock...... 31
6. Loneliness, CCA...... 32
7. CQ, Loneliness...... 33
8. CQ, CCA, and The Post-Graduate Working Intention of International Students....... 34
9. The Relationship Between Personality Traits, CQ, Loneliness, Cultural Shock, CCA, and The Post-Graduated Intention to Work in Taiwan....... 35

CHAPTER III -METHODOLOGY...... 36
A. Research Framework and Hypothesis...... 36
B. Research Questionnaire Design...... 38
C. Measurements...... 38
1. Personality Traits...... 39
2. CQ...... 39
3. CCA...... 40
4. Culture Shock...... 40
5. Loneliness...... 40
D. Sampling and Data Collection...... 41
E. Data Analysis...... 42

CHAPTER IV -FINDINGS...... 45
A. The Analysis of Demographic Data (Research Participants)...... 45
B. The Descriptive Analysis of Research Variables Data...... 48
C. Hypotheses Testing...... 51
D. Summary of the Hypothesis...... 57
E. Supplementary Results...... 58

CHAPTER V -CONCLUSION...... 60
A. Discussion...... 60
B. Limitations & Future Research Suggestions...... 61
C. Conclusion...... 62

REFERENCES...... 64

Appendix 1: Number of International Students in Universities, Colleges, and Junior Colleges in 2013 to 2023....... 71
Appendix 2: Questionnaire for This Study...... 72
Appendix 3: The List of Full Name of Universities in Taiwan...... 80
Appendix 4: Descriptive Statistics for the Research Variables in Questionnaires...... 82
Appendix 5: Details of the Descriptive Data and Correlations Among Variables...... 84
Appendix 6: Linear Regression of Personality and 4 Dimensions of CQ...... 85
Appendix 7: The Results of Moderated Mediation Model Applied on Different Personality Traits by using SPSS PROCESS - Model 16...... 86

Adler, P. S. (1975). The transitional experience: An alternative view of culture shock. Journal of humanistic psychology, 15(4), 13-23.

AL-Dossary, S. A. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale in a Saudi Arabian Context. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 24(4), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12149

Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality Correlates of the Four-Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 100–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601105275267

Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and organization review, 3(3), 335-371. doi: 10.1111/J.1740-8784.2007.00082.X

Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1991). The U-curve adjustment hypothesis revisited: A review and theoretical framework. Journal of international business studies, 22, 225-247. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490301

Black, J. S., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1991). Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: An integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. Academy of management review, 16(2), 291-317.

Black, J. S. (1988). Work role transitions: A study of American expatriate managers in Japan. Journal of international business studies, 19, 277-294.

Black, J. S., & Stephens, G. K. (1989). The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments. Journal of management, 15(4), 529-544.

Chang, L. C., Dattilo, J., & Huang, F. H. (2022). Relationships of leisure social support and flow with loneliness in international students in Taiwan: Implications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 1-18. DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2022.2056550.

Chen, A. S. Y., Lin, Y., & Sawangpattanakul, A. (2011). The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(2), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.09.005

Chen, A., & Lin, Y.-C. (2013). The Relationship Among Cultural Intelligence, Loneliness, Supervisor Support, and Work Adjustment. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013, 15423–15423. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2013.15423abstract

Church, A. T. (1982). Sojourner adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 540–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.540

Chapdelaine, R. F., & Alexitch, L. R. (2004). Social Skills Difficulty: Model of Culture Shock for International Graduate Students. Journal of College Student Development, 45(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2004.0021

Cramer, K. M., & Barry, J. E. (1999). Conceptualizations and measures of loneliness: A comparison of subscales. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(3), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00257-8

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6), 653-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I

De Jong-Gierveld, J. (1987). Developing and testing a model of loneliness. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(1), 119.

De Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F. (1985). The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale. Applied psychological measurement, 9(3), 289-299.

De Jong-Gierveld, J. & Van Tilburg, T. (2006). A 6-item scale for overall, emotional, and social loneliness: Confirmatory tests on survey data. Research on aging, 28(5), 582-598.

Department of Investment Service, M. of E. A. (2016, June 28). Contact Taiwan. Department of Investment Service, Ministry of Economic Affairs;
Department of Investment Service, Ministry of Economic Affairs. https://contacttaiwan.tw/

Department of Statistics, MOE. (n.d.). Non-citizen Students in Universities, Colleges and Junior Colleges. Highlights of Education Statistics. Retrieved May 11, 2023, from https://stats.moe.gov.tw/enchartweb/Default.aspx?rptvalue=eng_o3

Devin, H. F. (2017). Investigating the relationship between Big Five personality traits and cultural intelligence on football coaches. Human and Social Studies. Research and Practice 6 (3):116-131.

DiTommaso, E., & Spinner, B. (1993). The development and initial validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA). Personality and individual differences, 14(1), 127-134.

Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures.

Earley, P. C., & Peterson, R. S. (2004). The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(1), 100-115.

Elizabeth, M., Ineson., A., Lyons., C., Branston., Evangelos, Christou., Marianna, Sigala. (2006). Cross cultural change, adjustment and culture shock: UK to USA. Tourism: An international Interdisciplinary Journal, 54(4):355-365.

EZ Work Taiwan. (2017, September 1). EZ Work Taiwan-Overseas Chinese or Foreign Student Graduated in the ROC to Work in Taiwan [HTML]. 勞動部勞動力發展署全球資訊網; 勞動部勞動力發展署. https://ezworktaiwan.wda.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=ACB934E235E89133

Fang, F., Schei, V., & Selart, M. (2018). Hype or hope? A new look at the research on cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 66, 148-171.

Furnham, A. (2010). Culture Shock: Literature Review, Personal Statement and Relevance for the South Pacific. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1375_prp.4.2.87

Garbutt, K. M. (2017). Cross-Cultural Adjustment of International Students: Examining the Influence of Institutional Distance, Personality, and Cultural Intelligence. [master's thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203059

Girmay, M., & Singh, G. K. (2019). Social isolation, loneliness, and mental and emotional well-being among international students in the United States. International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health, 3(2), 75-82.

Gozzoli, C., & Gazzaroli, D. (2018). The Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS): A Contribution to the Italian Validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 366922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01183

Harrison, J. K., & Brower, H. H. (2011). The Impact of Cultural Intelligence and Psychological Hardiness on Homesickness among Study Abroad Students. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 21(1), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v21i1.303

Harrison, N. (2012). Investigating the impact of personality and early life experiences on intercultural interaction in internationalised universities. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.007

Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8

Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis, Second Edition: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.

Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd edition). New York: The Guilford Press. https://www.processmacro.org/index.html

Huff, K., Song, P., & Gresch, E. B. (2014). Cultural intelligence, personality, and cross-cultural adjustment: A study of expatriates in Japan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 38, 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINTREL.2013.08.005.

Ineson, E.M., Lyons, A.J., Branston, C., Christou, E., & Sigala, M. (2006). Cross cultural change, adjustment, and culture shock: UK to USA. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 54(4), 355-365.

John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford Press.

John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 114-158). Guilford Press.

Johnson, R. B., & Buko, S. (2014). Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS): Testing Cross-cultural Transferability of CQS in Ukraine. Studies of Changing Societies, 2013(4), 52–67. doi:10.2478/scs-2014-0160

Jyoti, J., & Kour, S. (2017). Factors affecting cultural intelligence and its impact on job performance: Role of cross-cultural adjustment, experience and perceived social support. Personnel Review, 46(4), 767–791. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2015-0313

Kim, K., Kirkman, B. L., & Chen, G. (2006). Cultural intelligence and international assignment effectiveness: A conceptual model and preliminary findings. Paper presentation at the 2006 annual meeting of the academy of management. Atlanta, GA.

Kim, Y. Y. (2017). Cross-cultural adaptation. Oxford research encyclopedia of communication.

Kumar, N., Che Rose, R., & Sri Ramalu., S. (2008). The Effects of Personality and Cultural Intelligence on International Assignment Effectiveness: A Review. Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 320–328. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2008.320.328

Li, M., Mobley, W. H., & Kelly, A. (2016). Linking personality to cultural intelligence: An interactive effect of openness and agreeableness. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.050

Lin, Y., Chen, A. S., & Song, Y. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 541–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.03.001

McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204

McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81-90.

McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal Features of Personality Traits From the Observer's Perspective: Data From 50 Cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 547–561. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.547

Nadine, E. L. (2010). The Effects of Cultural Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Cross Cultural Communication on Cross Cultural Adaptation of International Students in Taiwan。﹝碩士論文。國立臺灣師範大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/w62446。

Neto, F. (2021). Loneliness Among African International Students at Portuguese Universities . Journal of International Students, 11(2), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11i2.1379

Oberg, K. (1960). Cultural Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments. Practical Anthropology (4), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182966000700405

Ott, D. L., & Michailova, S. (2018). Cultural intelligence: A review and new research avenues. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(1), 99–119.

Peplau L. A., Perlman D. (Eds.). (1982). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy. New York, NY: Wiley.

Presbitero, A. (2016). Culture shock and reverse culture shock: The moderating role of cultural intelligence in international students’ adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.05.004

Remhof, S., Gunkel, M. and Schlaegel, C. (2014). Goodbye Germany! the influence of personality and cognitive factors on the intention to work abroad. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25, pp. 2319–2343.

Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of personality assessment, 66(1), 20-40.

Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(3), 472. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472.

Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), 290–294. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11

Şahin, F., Gurbuz, S., & Köksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 152-163.

Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C.M., & Ramia, G. (2008). Loneliness and International Students: An Australian Study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12, 148 - 180.

Shrauger, J. S., & Osberg, T. M. (1981). The relative accuracy of self-predictions and judgments by others in psychological assessment. Psychological Bulletin, 90(2), 322.

Shu, F., McAbee, S. T., & Ayman, R. (2017). The HEXACO personality traits, cultural intelligence, and international student adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.024

Study in Taiwan (2023). 2022-2023 Study in Taiwan Survey Report. Studyintaiwan.org. Retrieved August 1, 2023, from http://www.studyintaiwan.org/news/content/135

Study in Taiwan人才資料庫. (n.d.). SIT DataBase_Web. Retrieved May 11, 2023, from https://sitdatabase.moe.gov.tw/sitweb/

Thomas, D. C., & Inkson, K. (2013). CQ文化智商: 全球化的人生、跨文化的職場-在地球村生活與工作的關鍵能力. (吳書榆, 翻译) 台灣: 經濟新潮社出版.

Thomas, D. C., Elron, E., Stahl, G., Ekelund, B. Z., Ravlin, E. C., Cerdin, L., Poelmans, S., Brislin, R., Pekerti, A., Aycan, Z., Maznevski, M., Au, K., & Lazarova, M. B. (2008). Cultural Intelligence: Domain and assessment. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595808091787.

Thomas, D. C., Liao, Y., Aycan, Z., Cerdin, J. L., Pekerti, A. A., Ravlin, E. C., Stahl, G.K., Lazarova, M.B., Fock, H., Arli, D., Moeller, M., Okimoto, T. G., & Van De Vijver, F. (2015). Cultural intelligence: A theory-based, short form measure. Journal of International Business Studies, 46, 1099-1118. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.67

Triandis, H. C. (2006). Cultural Intelligence in Organizations. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601105275253

Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K.Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M.L. and Koh, C. (2012), Sub-Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6: 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00429.x

Wandile, W. W. M. (2016). The Factors Influencing International Students’ Choice of Working in Taiwan after Graduation [碩士學術論文, 國立臺灣師範大學 國際人力資源發展研究所]. https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22104NTNU5007022%22.&searchmode=basic

Wawera, A. S., & McCamley, A. (2020). Loneliness among international students in the UK. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(9):1262-1274. doi: 10.1080/0309877X.2019.1673326

Weiss, R. (1975). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT press.

Yeke, S., & Semerciöz, F. (2016). Relationships Between Personality Traits, Cultural Intelligence and Intercultural Communication Competence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.036

立法院-預算中心. (2020). 110年度中央政府總預算案整體評估報告 (預算案評估 No. 109125; 六一、近年留臺工作之僑外生人數成長趨緩，且有留臺工作內容非國內當前重點產業發展所需之情形，允待檢討策進作為). 中央政府. https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=43953&pid=199218

行政院（2016，9月5日）。「新南向政策推動計畫」正式啟動。取自https:// www.ey.gov.tw/Page/9277F759E41CCD91/87570745-3460-441d-a6d5-486278efbfa

行政院. (2014, June 29). 江揆拍板定案 行政院人才政策再出招 今年7月1日起留住僑外生人才 採國際通行「評點配額」制. 行政院全球資訊網; 2.16.886.101.20003. https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/9277F759E41CCD91/e1f7d528-38f4-4684-9400-efa0ce188339

行政院. (2017). AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO TAIWAN’S NEW SOUTHBOUND POLICY (Taipei Times). Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN), Executive Yuan. https://www.ey.gov.tw/otnen/64C34DCA8893B06/a8cded96-e4f9-4439-8ef3-8c0b8e8ef272

行政院. (2023). 2022年新南向政策執行情形. 行政院經貿談判辦公室-新南向政策執行成果. https://www.ey.gov.tw/otn/9C135CEEB980B231/6edab7ca-6fd6-40c2-9f8e-c748b32b59ae

行政院. (n.d.). The New Southbound Policy- A Pratical Approach Moving Full Steam Ahead. 行政院經貿談判辦公室-相關政策文宣. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from https://www.ey.gov.tw/otn/878F2C1AE56B71D3

林昀皇. (2011). 探討外國學生之文化智商對文化衝擊的影響─以跨文化適應為中介變數__臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 [碩士學術論文, 朝陽科技大學 企業管理系碩士班]. https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=V1z.l4/record?r1=1&h1=15#XXX

國家發展委員會. (2023a). 國際人力移動-大專院校境外生人數. 國發會全球資訊網; 國家發展委員會. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=80C3A12901E1F481

國家發展委員會. (2023b). 國際人力移動-留臺工作僑外生人數. 國發會全球資訊網; 國家發展委員會. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=039607ED1B9EF460

國際及兩岸教育 (2022), 外國學生來臺就學辦法, 臺教文（五）字第1112506246A號 令. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0110001

教育部. (2022, December 16). 教育部新南向人才培育推動計劃. 教育部全球資訊網-當前教育重大政策. Retrieved May 11, 2023, from https://www.edu.tw/News_Plan_Content.aspx?n=D33B55D537402BAA&sms=95474C68391B710&s=04395417836BAB59

教育部統計處. (2015). 學校基本統計資訊-大專校院境外學生在臺留學∕研習人數(按國別分). 教育部統計處. https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/News.aspx?n=5A930C32CC6C3818&sms=91B3AAE8C6388B96&Create=1

陳欣, & 吳欣蓓. (2021). 競爭性、文化智商與出國工作意圖之關聯－自我效能的中介作用. 商管科技季刊, 22(3), 299–324. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=19948107-202109-202110010024-202110010024-299-324

勞動部勞動統計查詢網. (2023). 各年度核准僑外生透過評點配額制工作人數統計表. 畢業僑外生留臺從事專門性或技術性工作統計. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/statiscla/webMain.aspx?sys=100&kind=10&type=1&funid=wqrymenu&cparm1=wq195

黃璉華, & 羅漢強. (1996). 外籍生適應問題及相關因素之探討. 中華公共衛生雜誌, 15(5), 457-468.

葉冠妤. (2022, November 5). 薪資低、職場不友善 勵馨調查：5成外籍生不願留台. 聯合新聞網. https://udn.com/news/story/7269/6741590

綜合規劃司. (2023). 教育部111年度施政績效報告. 綜合規劃司. https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ED2100/News2.aspx?n=9C7DC909B4C3A855&sms=F0379BFC462D96A4&Create=1

鄭綵薰（2021）。留下國際人才提升臺灣競爭力：境外 學生留臺就業意願之研究-以社會支 持為調節效果。﹝碩士論文。南臺科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/kav6z3