本研究於2022年秋季 (9月及11月)，以「新海研三號」的桁桿式拖網在台灣西南部沿海七個測站 (由北往南:梧棲、台西、七股、茄萣、林園、枋寮和水道區的澎湖水道) 進行23網次的採樣，共得2,057隻蟹類樣品，包含15科31屬45種及未知5種。其中以梭子蟹科種類最多 (20種、47%)，其次是臥蜘蛛蟹科 (5種、11%)和玉蟹科 (4種、9%)。豐度前五優勢種占85.8%，依序為微異類梭蟹(31.1%)、假矛形類梭蟹(30.3%)、短刺伊氏蟹(15.1%)、漢氏單梭蟹(5.9%)及紅星梭子蟹(3.5%)。經統計分析顯示秋季台灣西南部底棲蟹類有南北分群現象，以梧棲、台西及七股測站的蟹類為北群，茄萣、林園及枋寮測站的蟹類為南群，澎湖測站的蟹類則為水道群。北群的主要貢獻物種為假矛形類梭蟹，南群為微異類梭蟹，水道群則為短刺伊氏蟹。本研究中底棲蟹類群聚分布主要受優勢蟹種組成不同而異，推論假矛形類梭蟹與微異類梭蟹是廣溫廣鹽喜砂泥底質環境的廣布種；短刺伊氏蟹是狹低溫高鹽的深水物種 ；漢氏單梭蟹與紅星梭子蟹則是狹高溫高鹽喜砂泥底質的淺水物種。此外本研究的45種蟹類中有44.4%的物種有記錄到抱卵母蟹，顯示秋季可能是許多棲息在台灣西南部海域底棲蟹類的繁殖期。

This study was conducted trawling survey by "New Ocean Researcher Ⅲ." at seven coastal stations in southwestern Taiwan (Wuchi, Taisi, Cigu, Jiading, Linyuan, Fengliao, and Penghu Channel) in the autumn of 2022 (September and November) using the beam trawl. A total of 23 trawling nets were performed, and collected 2,057 crab samples representing 45 species and five unidentified species from 15 families and 31 genera. The dominant family was Portunidae, with 20 species (47%), followed by Majidae (5 species, 11%) and Portunidae (4 species, 9%). The top five dominant species, namely Eodemus subtilis (31.1%), Eodemus pseudohastatoides (30.3%), Izanami curtispina (15.1%), Monomia haanii (5.9%), and Portunus sanguinolentus (3.5%) accounted for 85.8% of the total abundance, Statistical analysis revealed a geographical clustering of benthic crab assemblages in the southwestern Taiwan during autumn. The northern cluster included Wuchi, Taisi, and Cigu, the southern cluster included Jiading, Linyuan, and Fengliao, and Penghu channel formed a deep-water cluster. The major contributing species were Eodemus pseudohastatoides for the northern cluster, Eodemus subtilis for the southern cluster, and Izanami curtispina for the deep-water cluster. The distribution of benthic crab assemblages in this study was primarily influenced by the composition of dominant crab species. E. pseudohastatoides and E. subtilis are eurythermic and euryhaline species found in sandy-muddy environments. Izanami curtispina is a stenothermic and stenohaline deep-water species, while Monomia haanii and Portunus sanguinolentus prefer shallow waters with sandy-muddy substrates in warm and saline conditions. Furthermore, 44.4% of the recorded crab species in this study exhibited egg-bearing females, indicating autumn was a reproductive period for many benthic crab species in the southwestern waters of Taiwan.

論文審定書………………………………………….…i
中文摘要……………………………………………....ii
英文摘要……………………………………………...iii
目錄………………………………………………........v

一、前言……………………....……………………...1
1.1台灣西南部海域水文環境…………………........1
1.2 蟹類與環境因子之關聯……………………..…..2
1.3台灣蟹類的研究現況………………...……..……4
1.4研究目的……………………...…………………...5

二、材料方法………………………………………...6
2.1採樣地點………………………...………………...6
2.2採樣時間………………………...………………...6
2.3採樣方法……………………...…………………...7
2.4樣品處理…………………………...……………...7
2.4.1底棲蟹類樣品…………………………………..7
2.4.2底質樣品………………………………………..8
2.5數據分析………………………...………………...9
2.5.1原始蟹類數據處理……………………………..9
2.5.2多樣性指數………………………….…………10
2.5.3多變量統計分析……………………….………11
2.5.3.1多度空間尺度分析（Multi-dimensional scaling, MDS）…......................................................11
2.5.3.2集群分析（Cluster analysis）……………………….................………..12
2.5.3.3相似度分析(Analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)…………….................................................12
2.5.3.4相似性百分比分析(Similarity Percentages, SIMPER)…….........................................................…12
2.5.3.5主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)………...........................................................…12
2.5.3.6斯皮爾曼等級相關係數分析 (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient )………………..……...13

三、結果………………................………………….14
3.1水文與底質環境……………………............…...14
3.1.1溫度………………………......…………....…..14
3.1.2鹽度…………………………………......……..14
3.1.3溶氧………………………………………….....15
3.1.4底泥有機質………………………………..…..15
3.1.5粒徑組成………………………..……………..16
3.1.6環境之空間變化………………..……………..17
3.2台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類之種類組成……......18
3.2.1 台灣西南部海域底棲蟹類之多樣性…….….18
3.2.2優勢種………………...………………………..19
3.2.3多樣性指數…………..………………………..20
3.3台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類種類組成之時空變化..............................................................................20
3.3.1優勢種分布的空間變化………….....………..20
3.3.2優勢種月別變化…………..…………………..21
3.4台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類種類組成之空間差異…………….....................................................…...22
3.5底棲蟹類群聚與環境因子之關聯……………..23
3.6台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類前七優勢種與環境因子之關聯……….......................................................23
3.7台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類豐度前三優勢種之生物學特徵……….......................................................25
3.7.1微異類梭蟹……………………..……………..25
3.7.1.1秋季平均甲殼寬之月別變化……..……….25
3.7.1.2秋季平均甲殼寬之空間變化…..………….25
3.7.2假矛形類梭蟹…………….....………………...26
3.7.2.1秋季平均甲殼寬之月別變化…………......26
3.7.2.2秋季平均甲殼寬之空間變化……….…….27
3.7.3短刺伊氏蟹……………......…………………..27
3.7.3.1秋季平均甲殼寬之月別變化................….27
3.7.3.2秋季平均甲殼寬之空間變化……….…….28
3.8台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類經濟性物種之生物學特徵……………......................................................28
四、討論……...........……………………………….30
4.1 台灣西南部秋季底棲蟹類的種類組成……....30
4.2 台灣西南部海域秋季底棲蟹類分布的南北差異……………….......................................................32
4.3台灣西南部海域秋季底棲蟹類豐度與物種數的水深差異……….......................................................33
4.4五種優勢底棲蟹類的生態因子……………......34
4.5秋季可能為台灣西南部沿海底棲蟹類之繁殖期 ……………….......................................................….36

五、結論……………………...………….………….38

六、參考文獻………………………...….………….39


圖…………………………………………………….47
表…………………………………………………….73
附圖………………………………………………….84
附錄………………………………………………….85
圖版………………………………………………….87

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