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論文名稱 Title |
製備石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料混合生質柴油降低柴油引擎排放污染之研究 Exhaust emission reduction of biodiesel fuel by nanocomposite copper graphene quantum Dots |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
156 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2021-07-27 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2021-09-06 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
生質柴油、石墨烯量子點、傳統污染物、PM2.5、重金屬 Biodiesel, Graphene quantum dots, Traditional pollutants, PM2.5, Heavy metals |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 118 次,被下載 0 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 118 times, has been downloaded 0 times. |
中文摘要 |
本研究欲透過奈米粒子之高表面活性及金屬之高傳熱性提高引擎燃燒效率以達到降低污染排放之成效。利用直接加熱法製備石墨烯量子點,再將石墨烯量子點做為還原劑透過化學還原法製備石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料,再與不同配比之生質柴油及柴油做為混合燃料,計算柴油引擎之制動單位燃料消耗率(BSFC)及制動熱效率(BTE),並探討其對柴油引擎排放尾氣之細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)、傳統空氣污染物(CO、HC、NOx、SO2)及重金屬之排放特性差異。 研究成果顯示,本研究製備之石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料其碳與銅之比約為3:1且其富含氧,而石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料添加量與引擎排放污染減量呈正相關,石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料添加濃度越高,更能減少污染排放。當添加量為100 mg/L時,與無添加石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料相比,不同混合燃料之BSFC可降低約14.1-19.6%,而BTE可提升約16.9-23.8%;PM2.5、CO、SO2及HC之削減率分別為36.9-39.4%、32.5-37.9%、14.0-21.1%及41.9-58.3%;NOx因燃燒效率提升使燃燒溫度上升而導致其排放隨之增加,增加率約為10.7-18.5%;重金屬排放之削減率約為4.44-17.1%。 |
Abstract |
In this study, we aim to improve the combustion efficiency of engines through the high surface activity of nanoparticles and the high thermal conductivity of metals to achieve the effect of reducing pollution emissions. The graphene quantum dots were prepared by directly pyrolyzing and then use graphene quantum dots as reducing agent to prepare graphene quantum dots/copper composite material through chemical reduction method, and then use different ratios of biodiesel and diesel as mixed fuel. Calculate the braking specific fuel consumption rate (BSFC) and braking thermal efficiency (BTE) of diesel engines and discuss their effects on the PM2.5, traditional air pollutants (CO, HC, NOx, SO2) and the difference in the emission characteristics of heavy metals. of diesel engine exhaust. The research data shows that the carbon to copper ratio of the graphene quantum dot/copper composite material prepared in this study is about 3:1 and it is rich in oxygen, while the amount of the graphene quantum dot/copper composite material and engine emission pollution The reduction is positively correlated. The higher the concentration of the graphene quantum dot/copper composite material, the more pollutant emissions can be reduced. When the addition amount is 100 mg/L, compared with the composite without graphene quantum dots/copper, the BSFC of different fuel mixtures can be reduced by about 14.1-19.6%, and the BTE can be increased by about 16.9-23.8%; The reduction rates of PM2.5, CO, SO2 and HC are 36.9-39.4%, 32.5-37.9%, 14.0-21.1% and 41.9-58.3%; NOx emissions increase due to the increase in combustion efficiency and combustion temperature, the rate is about 10.7-18.5%; the reduction rate of heavy metal emissions is about 4.44-17.1%. |
目次 Table of Contents |
目錄 論文審定書 i 摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 xii 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究緣起 1 1-2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2-1生質柴油 3 2-1-1 生質柴油簡介 3 2-1-2 生質柴油之生產技術 7 2-1-3 生質柴油之特性 10 2-2奈米燃料(Nanofuels) 12 2-2-1 奈米碳管(Carbon Nanotube) 14 2-3 石墨烯量子點(Graphene Quantum Dot, GQD) 15 2-3-1 石墨烯量子點之性質 15 2-3-2 石墨烯量子點之製備方法 16 2-3-3 石墨烯量子點之改質 23 2-4 柴油引擎(Diesel Engine) 24 2-4-1 柴油引擎運轉下之污染物排放特徵 24 2-5 細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)之排放特徵及危害特性 25 2-6 氮氧化物(NOx)之排放特徵及危害特性 27 2-7 硫氧化物(SOx)之排放特徵及危害特性 28 2-8 一氧化碳(CO)之排放特徵及危害特性 29 2-9 二氧化碳(CO2)之排放特徵及危害特性 30 2-10 碳氫化合物(HC)之排放特徵及危害特性 31 2-11 重金屬之排放特徵及危害特性 32 第三章 研究方法 34 3-1研究架構與流程 34 3-2 石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料合成方法 37 3-2-1 石墨烯量子點之合成 37 3-2-2 石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料之合成 38 3-3 實驗藥品與材料 38 3-4 柴油引擎 39 3-5 試驗之油品配比 41 3-6 柴油引擎排氣採樣系統 43 3-6-1 傳統空氣污染物採樣方法 43 3-6-2 細懸浮微粒採樣與分析 44 3-7 實驗儀器與設備 46 3-7-1 微波消化系統 46 3-7-2 感應耦合電漿發射光譜儀(ICP-OES) 47 3-7-3 紫外光-可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis) 48 3-7-4 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, FTIR) 49 3-7-5 X光繞射分析儀(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) 51 3-7-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) 52 第四章 品質保證與品質控制 54 4-1 粒狀污染物採樣 54 4-2 傳統空氣污染物採樣 54 4-3 重金屬污染物分析 55 第五章 結果與討論 65 5-1 石墨烯量子點之材料鑑定 65 5-1-1 紫外光-可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis)分析 65 5-1-2 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)分析 66 5-1-3 X光繞射分析儀(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD)分析 68 5-1-4穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)分析 69 5-2 石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料之材料鑑定 70 5-2-1 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)分析 70 5-2-2 X光繞射分析儀(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD)分析 71 5-3 添加石墨烯量子點/銅之複合材料燃料於引擎性能與排放特性影響 74 5-3-1 制動單位燃料消耗率(Brake specific fuel consumption, BSFC) 74 5-3-2 制動熱效率(Brake thermal efficiency, BTE) 78 5-3-3 細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)之排放特徵 82 5-3-4 一氧化碳(CO)之排放特徵 87 5-3-5 碳氫化合物(HC)之排放特徵 92 5-3-6 氮氧化物(NOx)之排放特徵 97 5-3-7 二氧化硫(SO2)之排放特徵 102 5-3-8 PM2.5上之金屬排放特徵 106 5-3-9 柴油引擎尾氣之重金屬排放之輸出/入質量比 110 5-4 成本效益評估 122 第六章 結論與建議 124 6-1結論 124 6-2建議 126 參考文獻 127 |
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