本研究乃針對科學領域的環境智能（Aml），此為當代被認為是近期最重要
的發展願景之一。環境智能（Aml）是一門新興學科，旨在通過創造基於用戶需
求做出反應的“感知環境“來提升人類的生活。該領域建立在感測器、網絡、普
及計算、人工智慧的原則之上，這些原理可以感知、回應人的活動。本研究旨在
提出環境智能在企業中的新應用概念，並將呈現相關客戶對此項目可能實現的滿
意度的新研究成果。
該應用程序將重點關注於“智能健身房”的概念，作為當前“智能家居”解
決方案的衍生產品。為此，本研究應用設計科學研究中的原則和研究方法，此研
究方法最後會將引導作者所提出的 “智能健身房”尋找解決方案及設計評估方式。
本文的最後提出一項關於台灣智能健身房的研究調查。此份調查的研究目的
是透過潛在客戶和健身房所有者進行訪談，主要從隱私問題，安全性，可信度或
普遍接受度等幾個觀點進行討論、了解他們的想法。

This work is focused on the field of science Ambient intelligence (Aml), which is
contemporary considered as one of the most important visions of the near future. It is an
emerging discipline which aims to facilitate human life by creating
„perceptive“ environment that reacts based on user´s needs. This area builds on the
principles of advanced sensors, networks, pervasive computing and artificial intelligence
that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people. The work was created to
present a concept of new application of Ambient Intelligence in the private sector and
will report new research findings regarding customer satisfaction with the potential
realization of the project.
The application will focus on the concept of “Smart Gym” as a derivation from
current “Smart home” solutions. For that purpose, work applies principles and research
methodology from the design-science paradigm. This method eventually leads to
proposal of an author´s own “Smart Gym” solution and its design evaluation.
As the last part of the work will be presented a survey about the acceptance of the
Smart Gym project in Taiwan. For this purpose, potential customers and gym owner will
be interviewed, and their thoughts and ideas will be discussed mainly from several points
of views such as privacy issues, security, trustworthiness or general acceptance.

Thesis Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgement ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
List of Content v
List of Figures vii
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Motivation 2
1.3. Purpose 3
1.4. Implementation of New Technologies 4
2. Literature Review 5
2.1. Ambient Intelligence 5
2.2. History of Aml 6
2.3. Definition of Ambient Intelligence 8
2.3.1. Ubiquitous computing 9
2.3.2. Human-Computer Interaction 12
2.3.3. Artificial intelligence 14
2.3.4. Networks 18
2.3.5. Sensors and Computer vision 19
2.4. Applications of Ambient Intelligence 22
2.4.1. Smart Home 22
2.4.2. Fitness and Health 23
2.4.3. Public Sector 26
3. Research Methods – Design Science 27
4. System Design 29
4.1. Smart Gym 29
4.2. System Description 35
4.2.1. Identity Management 37
4.2.2. Workout Management 40
4.2.3. App 45
4.2.4. Artificial Intelligence 51
4.2.5. Gym Equipment and Computer Vision 54
4.3. Energy System of the Smart Gym 58
4.3.1. Photovoltaic Power System 59
4.3.2. Other Energy Harvesting Methods 65
4.3.3. Energy Harvesting Materials 65
4.3.4. Kinetic energy 66
4.3.5. Overview of Energy Power Management 68
5. Evaluation 69
5.1. Smart Gym User Survey 69
5.1.1. Objectives and Background 70
5.1.2. Survey Methods 71
5.1.3. Survey Results 72
5.2. Gym Owner Interview 83
5.2.1. Gym Background 84
5.2.2. Interview Results and Outcomes 85
6. Discussion 87
6.1. Smart Gym Social Implications 87
6.1.1. Privacy 88
6.1.2. Security 89
6.1.3. Trust 91
6.1.4. Delegation of Control 92
6.2. Limitations and Future Research 94
7. Conclusion 95
8. References 97
9. Appendix 105

Abowd, Gregory D., and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. "Charting past, present, and future research in ubiquitous computing." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 7.1 (2000): 29-58.
Adhya, Soham, et al. "An IoT based smart solar photovoltaic remote monitoring and control unit." 2016 2nd international conference on control, instrumentation, energy & communication (CIEC). IEEE, 2016.
Alan, R. Hevner, et al. "Design science in information systems research." MIS quarterly 28.1 (2004): 75-105.
Araya AA (1995) Questioning Ubiquitous Computing. In: Proceedings of the 1995 ACM 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Science. ACM Press, 1995.
Atzori, Luigi, Antonio Iera, and Giacomo Morabito. "The internet of things: A survey." Computer networks 54.15 (2010): 2787-2805.
Augusto, J. C., P. McCullah. Ambient intelligence: Concepts and applications. International Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems, 4(1):1–28, 2007.
Augusto, Juan Carlos, Hideyuki Nakashima, and Hamid Aghajan. "Ambient intelligence and smart environments: A state of the art." Handbook of ambient intelligence and smart environments. Springer US, 2010. 3-31.
Augusto, Juan Carlos. "Ambient intelligence: Basic concepts and applications." International Conference on Software and Data Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.
Basheer, Imad A., and Maha Hajmeer. "Artificial neural networks: fundamentals, computing, design, and application." Journal of microbiological methods 43.1 (2000): 3-31.
Besada, Juan A., et al. "Airport surface surveillance based on video images." IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems 41.3 (2005): 1075-1082.
Betke, Margrit, James Gips, and Peter Fleming. "The camera mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities." IEEE Transactions on neural systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 10.1 (2002): 1-10.
Betke, Margrit, James Gips, and Peter Fleming. "The camera mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities." IEEE Transactions on neural systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 10.1 (2002): 1-10.
Bhatia, Munish, and Sandeep K. Sood. "A comprehensive health assessment framework to facilitate IoT-assisted smart workouts: A predictive healthcare perspective." Computers in Industry 92 (2017): 50-66.
Bibri, Simon Elias. The Shaping of Ambient Intelligence and the Internet of Things. Atlantis Press, 2015.
Bohn, Jürgen, et al. "Social, economic, and ethical implications of ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing." Ambient intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. p. 15-16.
Brubaker, Marcus A., Leonid Sigal, and David J. Fleet. "Video-based people tracking." Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. Springer, Boston, MA, 2010. 57-87.
Brubaker, Marcus A., Leonid Sigal, and David J. Fleet. "Video-based people tracking." Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. Springer, Boston, MA, 2010. 57-87.
Cook, Diane J., Juan C. Augusto, and Vikramaditya R. Jakkula. "Ambient intelligence: Technologies, applications, and opportunities." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 5.4 (2009): 277-298.
Crutzen, C. K. M., Invisibility and the meaning of ambient intelligence. International Review of Information Ethics, 6:1–11, 2006.
De Ruyter, Boris, and Emile Aarts. "Ambient intelligence: visualizing the future." Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces. ACM, 2004.
Friedewald, Michael, et al. "Privacy, identity and security in ambient intelligence: A scenario analysis." Telematics and Informatics 24.1 (2007): 15-29.
Gaurav, Himanshu, et al. "Energy harvesting through smart gym." Proceedings of National Conference on “Emerging Trends in Electronics & Communication”(ETEC-2015). Vol. 1. No. 02. 2015.
Ghallab, Malik, Dana Nau, and Paolo Traverso. Automated Planning: theory and practice. Elsevier, 2004.
Gubbi, Jayavardhana, et al. "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions." Future generation computer systems 29.7 (2013): 1645-1660.
Gungor, Vehbi C., et al. "Smart grid technologies: Communication technologies and standards." IEEE transactions on Industrial informatics 7.4 (2011): p. 1-3.
Huang, T. "Computer vision: Evolution and promise." (1996).
Hung, Kevin, Yuan-Ting Zhang, and B. Tai. "Wearable medical devices for telehome healthcare." Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004. IEMBS'04. 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2004.
Choudhary, Ashish, et al. Automatic Attendance System Using Face Recognition., Scientific Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, 2016, ISSN: 2349 - 9745.
Chung, Oscar (1 January 2017). "The Solar Transition". Taiwan Today. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
I. A. Group. Scenarios for ambient intelligence in 2010, 2001.
ISTAG (2000). Recommendations of the IST Advisory Group for Workprogramme 2001 and beyond: ‘implementing the vision’. E. C. ISTAG.
J.M. Kahn, R.H. Katz, K.S.J. Pister, Next century challenges: mobile networking for smart dust, Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom’99, Washington, USA, 1999, pp. 271–278
Kaplan, Andreas, and Michael Haenlein. "Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence." Business Horizons 62.1 (2019): 15-25.
Kathpalia, Bharat, et al. "Modeling and Characterization of a Curved Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Smart Paver Tiles." Procedia Computer Science 109 (2017): 1060-1066.
Kubera, Yoann, Philippe Mathieu, and Sébastien Picault. "Everything can be Agent." Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1-Volume 1. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2010.
Kuechler, Bill, and Vijay Vaishnavi. "On theory development in design science research: anatomy of a research project." European Journal of Information Systems 17.5 (2008): 489-504.
Lambourne, R., K. Feiz, and B. Rigot. "Social Trends and Product Opportunities: Philips Vision of the Future Project. CHI’97 Electronic Publications." (1997).
Lee, Min Kyung, Davidoff, S., Zimmerman, J., et al. "Smart homes, families, and control." (2006).l
Lindwer, Menno, et al. "Ambient intelligence visions and achievements: linking abstract ideas to real-world concepts." Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe-Volume 1. IEEE Computer Society, 2003.
Livari, Juhani. "A paradigmatic analysis of information systems as a design science." Scandinavian journal of information systems 19.2 (2007): 5.
Lucky R (1999) Everything will be connected to everything else. Connections. IEEE Spectrum, March 1999.
Mousa, Assem Abdel Hamed. "Ubiquitous/pervasive computing." Mainframe computing 60 (2013): 70.
Nam, Taewoo, and Theresa A. Pardo. "Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions." Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times. ACM, 2011.
Narayanaswami, Chandra; Raghunath, Mandayam T. Application design for a smart watch with a high-resolution display. In: iswc. IEEE, 2000. p. 7.
Niazi, Muaz, and Amir Hussain. "Agent-based computing from multi-agent systems to agent-based models: a visual survey." Scientometrics 89.2 (2011): 479.
Nilsson, Nils J. Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann, 2014.
Nilsson, Nils J., and Nils Johan Nilsson. Artificial intelligence: a new synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.
Pavlovic, Vladimir I., Rajeev Sharma, and Thomas S. Huang. "Visual interpretation of hand gestures for human-computer interaction: A review." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence 7 (1997): 677-695.
Peffers, Ken, et al. "A design science research methodology for information systems research." Journal of management information systems 24.3 (2007): 45-77.
Philips HomeLab 2003. 365 days’ Ambient Intelligent research in HomeLab. Philips Research. April 2003.
Phillips Research. Other perspectives on ambient intelligence, 2007.
Pipattanasomporn, Manisa, Hassan Feroze, and Saifur Rahman. "Multi-agent systems in a distributed smart grid: Design and implementation." 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition. IEEE, 2009.
Punie, Yves. "The future of ambient intelligence in Europe: the need for more everyday life." Communications and Strategies 57.1 (2005): 141-165.
Radke, Richard J. "A survey of distributed computer vision algorithms." Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. Springer US, 2010. 35-55.
Raghunathan, Vijay, et al. "Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems." Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks. IEEE Press, 2005.
Raisinghani, Mahesh S., et al. "Ambient intelligence: Changing forms of human-computer interaction and their social implications." Journal of digital information 5.4 (2006).
Ramchurn, Sarvapali D., Dong Huynh, and Nicholas R. Jennings. "Trust in multi-agent systems." The Knowledge Engineering Review 19.1 (2004): 1-25.
Reiter, Ehud, and Robert Dale. Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge university press, 2000.
Rudervall, Roberto, J. P. Charpentier, and Raghuveer Sharma. "High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems technology review paper." Energy week 2000 (2000): 1-19.
Tron, Roberto, and René Vidal. "Distributed computer vision algorithms through distributed averaging." CVPR 2011. IEEE, 2011.
Wang, Yan, et al. "Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113.30 (2009): 13103-13107.
Weir, Alan. "Formalism in the Philosophy of Mathematics." (2011).
Weiser, M. The computer for the twenty-first century. Scientific American, 165:94–104, 1991.
Weiser, Mark. "The Computer for the 21 st Century." Scientific american 265.3 (1991): 94-105.
Weiser, Mark. "Ubiquitous computing." Computer 10 (1993): 71.