專利是保護公司核心業務專有技術的最重要方式之一，通過查看專利文件可以了解新技術開發和競爭對手的技術進步，幫助製定公司的專利布局。由於專利申請的地域性限制，使得跨國公司需要在不同的國家進行專利申請，另外加上文本的複雜性使得專利的分析需要花費許多時間，所以近年來開始使用文字探勘的方式加速專利資料的分析。透過專利分析，企業可以了解技術市場的變化，掌握未來新興技術的趨勢並為尋找潛在競爭對手奠定基礎。
在本論文中，我們專注在物聯網(IoT)領域，蒐集美國專利商標局(USPTO)、中國國家知識產權局 (CNPA)和德國專利商標局(DPMA)的專利資料， 比較使用隱含狄利克雷分佈(LDA)與專利分類(CPC)在專利分析結果的差異，並提出了一種找出新興技術的組合矩陣，最後進行公司競爭對手的識別。經過實驗分析，我們發現使用 LDA 模型可以更準確地識別競爭對手。

Patents is one of the most important ways to protect the core technology of a company's services and products. By checking the patent documents, we are able to understand the development of new technology and the technological progress of competitors, which contribute to the formulation the patent layout of the company. Due to the geographical restriction of patent applications, multinational companies need to file patent applications in different countries, and the complexity of the text, usually in different languages, makes the analysis of patent more difficult and time-consuming. Through patent analysis, companies can understand the changes in the technology market, grasp the future trend of emerging technologies, and establish a foundation for finding potential competitors.
In our thesis, we focus on the Internet of Things (IoT) field and collect patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), German Patent and Trade Mark Office (DPMA), and China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA). We compare the differences between the patent analysis results using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC). We also propose a technology portfolio matrix to identify emerging technologies and to identify the company's competitors. After the experimental analysis, we found that the LDA model can identify the competitors more accurately.

論文審定書……………………………………………………………………………... i
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………..… ii
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………. iii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….. iv
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 - RELATED WORKS 5
2.1. PATENT ANALYSIS 5
2.1.1. About Patent 5
2.1.2. Patent Data and their Analysis 6
2.2. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION 8
2.3. COMPETITOR DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION 10
CHAPTER 3 - DATA AND METHODOLOGY 13
3.1. DATA 13
3.2. METHODOLOGY 14
3.2.1. Data Preprocessing 15
3.2.2. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) 17
3.2.3. Emerging Topic Analysis 19
3.2.4. Competitor Analysis 20
CHAPTER 4 - EXPERIMENTS 24
4.1. DATA 24
4.2. PATENT FAMILIES 26
4.3. CPC 27
4.4. ASSIGNEES 29
4.5. TOPIC DISTRIBUTION OF EACH MARKET BY YEAR 33
4.6. ENTROPY OF CPC AND LDA 39
4.7. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 42
4.8. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 53
4.9. EVALUATION 60
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION 62
REFERENCES 64

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