現代社會中，外食已成為人們日常生活不可或缺的一部分。隨著社會變遷和生活節奏的加快，越來越多的人選擇在餐廳享用美食，外食比例也逐漸攀升。這種趨勢使得餐廳評論成為消費者之間分享和交流的一個重要方式。留下餐廳評論的消費者行為不僅是對個別用餐體驗的回應，同時也在形成社會口碑和影響其他潛在顧客的選擇。因此，深入了解這些餐廳評論中隱含的情感和文化構面，以及消費者對於不同文化背景下餐廳的期望和偏好，具有重要的理論和實務意義。
本論文透過研究Hofstede文化維度理論與自然語言處理技術，自TripAdvisor網站上透過爬蟲技術擷取不同國家顧客的餐廳評論，在考量Hofstede文化維度理論的差異程度後，篩選出的四個國家評論（中國、日本、台灣及美國），透過API方式運用大型語言模型(LLM)、OpenAI GPT 3.5 turbo模型，來分析各國餐廳評論的情緒及跨文化分析。
綜合情感分析和Hofstede模型的跨文化分析之後，本研究發現四國餐廳評論普遍呈現正向情緒。在跨文化分析中，各國在文化構面上存在差異，尤其在個人主義、成就與成功的動力等構面。這些發現為餐廳經營提供了實質洞察，強調了情感管理和文化適應的重要性，並根據研究結果提出了針對擷取評論的三間餐廳（上引水產、鼎泰豐及養心茶樓）提供經營管理建議。

In modern society, dining out has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. With the rapid changes in society and the acceleration of lifestyles, an increasing number of individuals choose to enjoy meals at restaurants, leading to a gradual rise in the proportion of dining out. This trend has made restaurant reviews a crucial means of sharing and communicating among consumers. The act of leaving reviews for restaurants not only serves as a response to individual dining experiences but also contributes to the formation of social reputations, influencing the choices of potential customers. Therefore, gaining in-depth insights into the emotions and cultural dimensions implicit in these restaurant reviews, as well as understanding consumer expectations and preferences for restaurants across different cultural backgrounds, holds significant theoretical and practical implications.
This thesis utilizes Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and natural language processing techniques to analyze restaurant reviews from different countries obtained from the TripAdvisor website through web scraping. Four countries' reviews (China, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States) were selected based on the degree of cultural dimension differences according to Hofstede's theory. The analysis was conducted using a combination of a large language model (LLM) and the OpenAI GPT 3.5 turbo model.
After synthesizing emotional analysis and cross-cultural analysis using the Hofstede model, this study reveals that restaurant reviews from the four countries generally exhibit positive sentiments. In the cross-cultural analysis, variations are observed among the countries, particularly in cultural dimensions such as individualism, achievement, and power distance. These findings offer valuable insights for restaurant management, underscoring the significance of emotional management and cultural adaptation. Based on the research results, operational management recommendations are proposed for three selected restaurants (Addiction Aquatic Development, Din Tai Fung, and Yang Shin Vegetarian Restaurant).

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vi
表次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 Hofstede文化維度理論與跨文化情緒表達差異 5
第二節 線上評論與消費者決策 6
第三節 餐廳評論與文化差異 6
第三章 研究方法 8
第一節 資料蒐集 8
第二節 跨文化分析 10
第三節 資料預處理 12
第四節 自然語言處理 13
第四章 研究結果 17
第一節 情緒分析結果 17
第二節 跨文化分析結果 19
第五章 結論與建議 30
第一節 研究發現 30
第二節 管理意涵 31
第三節 研究限制與未來展望 33
參考文獻 34
附錄 38
附錄1. 自定義Hofstede文化維度理論詞典 38
附錄2. 評論國家佔比表 41

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