5G行動通訊網路中的兩項應用分別為增強型行動寬頻(enhanced Mobile BroadBand, eMBB)與極高可靠與即時性通訊(Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications, URLLC)，eMBB的應用有隨選視訊(Movie on Demand, MOD)的影音串流等，MOD的編碼位元率(Encoding Bit Rate, EBR)會隨著時間而改變，我們稱為變動位元率(Variable Bit Rate, VBR)，MOD的VBR特性會導致eMBB使用者無法充分使用被分配到的子載波(Subcarriers)，最終造成網路頻寬的浪費。另一方面，URLLC的應用有無人機與無人車等，此類應用需要即時性與高可靠度的傳送控制封包，當5G基地台已將所有的無線資源區塊(Resource Blocks, RBs)全部分配出去時，URLLC使用者可能會因為無法獲得RB而失去傳輸控制封包所需的即時性。為了解決上述問題，本論文在5G行動通訊網路中針對eMBB與URLLC使用者設計使用疊加與穿孔的動態資源分配演算法。疊加會依序(按照頻率的高低)將已連線的eMBB未使用的子載波做累加，累加得到的子載波能提供給新連線eMBB使用者作為其資料傳輸率(Data Rate, DR)需求的協商機制。另一方面，穿孔會針對eMBB使用者的一條或多條未使用的子載波，將其時槽(Time Slot)切割成多個微型時槽(Mini Slots)，這些微型時槽可以提供新連線的URLLC使用者達成其即時性與高可靠度的傳送需求。我們使用Network Simulator 3 (NS-3)模擬本論文所提出的疊加與穿孔動態資源分配演算法，為了比較與分析，我們設計三種不同情形，分別為只使用疊加、只使用穿孔、同時使用疊加與穿孔，從模擬結果中，我們驗證了同時使用疊加與穿孔技術於5G行動通訊網路中可以得到三項效能的改進，分別為有效降低封包遺失率、大幅提高eMBB與URLLC使用者的平均Throughput、有效增加eMBB與URLLC新連線的使用者個數。

Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) are the two major applications of 5G mobile communication networks. eMBB applications include video streaming of Movie on Demand (MOD), where the Encoding Bit Rate (EBR) of a video stream changes over time. It is referred to as Variable Bit Rate (VBR). The VBR feature of MOD causes eMBB users unable to fully utilize the allocated subcarriers, which lead to the waste of network bandwidth. On the other hand, URLLC applications, such as UAVs and autonomous vehicles, require real-time and high reliability to transmit control packets. When a 5G base station has allocated all the resource blocks (RBs), URLLC users may lose the real-time capability to transmit control packets due to the unavailability of RBs. To solve these problems, this thesis designs a dynamic resource allocation algorithm using superposition and puncturing for eMBB and URLLC users in 5G mobile communication networks. Superposition will accumulate the unused subcarriers of the connected eMBB users in order (by frequencies). The accumulated subcarriers can be provided to the newly connected eMBB users as a negotiation mechanism for their data rate requirements. On the other hand, puncturing will cut an eMBB user's one or more unused subcarriers into multiple mini slots, which can provide the newly connected URLLC users to achieve their real-time and high-reliability transmission requirements. We use Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) to simulate the proposed algorithm. From the simulation results, we have verified that using both superposition and puncturing techniques in 5G mobile communication networks can improve three network performances, which are (1) effectively reducing the packet loss rate, (2) significantly increasing the average throughput of eMBB and URLLC users, and (3) effectively increasing the number of new eMBB and URLLC users connections.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 導論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究方法 1
1.3 章節介紹 3
第二章 5G的eMBB與URLLC 4
2.1 eMBB與URLLC的應用 4
2.1.1 eMBB的應用 4
2.1.2 URLLC的應用 6
2.2 5G行動通訊網路 7
2.2.1 5G OFDMA的架構 7
2.2.2 時槽與微型時槽 10
2.2.3 5G核心網路 11
2.3影音串流 14
2.3.1影片的編碼與壓縮 14
2.3.2 VBR的傳輸 16
2.4相關研究 17
第三章　疊加與穿孔技術 21
3.1 eMBB與URLLC的連線 21
3.1.1 eMBB的VBR Table設計 22
3.1.2 eMBB需求子載波個數的計算 25
3.1.3 eMBB使用者的連線時序 27
3.1.4 URLLC需求微型時槽個數的計算 28
3.1.5 URLLC使用者的連線時序 30
3.2 RASP演算法 30
3.2.1 MOD伺服器的流程 31
3.2.2 UE向gNB/5GC建立連線 32
3.2.3 疊加與穿孔的流程 33
第四章 實作與模擬結果 37
4.1 VBR Table的實作 37
4.1.1 在MOD伺服器的實作 37
4.1.2 在UE與5GC的實作 40
4.2 NS-3的模擬 41
4.2.1 模擬拓樸 41
4.2.2 程式架構 42
4.3 模擬結果與討論 55
4.3.1 模擬參數的設定 55
4.3.2 效能量測 56
4.3.3 模擬結果 58
第五章 結論與未來工作 73
5.1 結論 73
5.2 遭遇問題 74
5.3 未來工作 74
Reference 76
Acronyms 79
Index 81

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