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博碩士論文 etd-0306123-124238 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0306123-124238
論文名稱
Title
販售愛與微笑:台灣兒童台「哥哥姐姐」的勞動過程初探
Selling Love and Smiles: A Preliminary Study of the Labor Process of "Brothers & Sisters" in Taiwan's Children's Channels
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
161
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2023-03-24
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2023-04-06
關鍵字
Keywords
兒童台哥哥姐姐、勞動過程、象徵鬥爭、美學勞動、情緒(感)勞動、情緒配置、再生產勞動、支配與抵抗
children’s channels, “brothers and sisters”, labor process, symbolic struggle, aesthetic labor, emotional/affective labor, emotional arrangement, reproductive labor, domination and resistance
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 17232 次,被下載 2530
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 17232 times, has been downloaded 2530 times.
中文摘要
摘要

台灣目前有兩個以「哥哥姐姐」為賣點的兒童頻道,提供兒童律動、日常知識、手作美勞等富含教育意涵的節目,協助家長陪伴與指導孩子。本論文試圖分析這群以各式水果、動物、甜點等命名的「哥哥姐姐」經歷的勞動過程。
本研究指出,在兒童台的勞動體制下,勞雇雙方與勞動者內部經常在界定「專業邊界」的過程中進行象徵鬥爭(symbolic struggle),不斷(重新)定義專業精神(professionalism)。
這群勞動者必須進行各種「美學勞動」,使身體符合角色的框架;兒童台則以「幼體化」、「部分(去)性化」的策略,馴化勞動者的身體,使其成為妝點企業門面的象徵。兒童台除了販售廣告時段、商業置入、周邊商品外,也販售哥哥姐姐的「情緒勞動」等非物質性商品。他們必須學習細膩的「情緒配置」(emotional arrangement),在節目、舞台及社群媒體上,喚起、維持與配置正面歡樂的情緒,來滿足各方的需求。
本研究也指出,由於雙薪家庭的雙親皆投入勞動,逐漸將親密、照顧及教育部分外包給兒童台和哥哥姐姐。當商業活動進入家庭,將(重新)協商成員之間的(親密)關係;另外,哥哥姐姐也因介入家庭關係的再生產,重新定義自身的勞動與角色意涵。
兒童台不僅監管哥哥姐姐的勞動過程,其支配也滲透進勞動者的日常生活。哥哥姐姐面對資方的規訓,能夠展現能動性,進行或隱或顯的日常抵抗,施展「(不)受支配的藝術」,以迂迴的方式和體制周旋,以獲得兒童台的青睞或降低被懲罰的風險。然而,兒童台的勞動體制仍經常使他們的角色與自我相互干擾,甚至經歷情緒障礙及身心的反覆崩潰。 
Abstract
Abstract
Currently, there are two children’s channels in Taiwan that highlight the performance of the “brothers and sisters,” namely, the children’s channels’ idols/hosts. These channels provide educational programs in teaching children about exercise, daily knowledge, arts and crafts, etc. to assist parents in accompanying and guiding their children. This study attempts to analyze the labor process experienced by these “brothers and sisters,” who are named after various fruits, animals, desserts, and so on.
This study points out that under the labor regime of the children’s channels, the employer and employee frequently engage in a symbolic struggle and continually redefine the boundaries of professionalism. These workers must engage in various forms of “aesthetic labor” to fit the role of their characters, while the children’s channels use various strategies such as “infantilization,” “partial (de-)sexualization” to domesticate the workers’ bodies and turn them into symbols of the industry.
In addition to selling advertising slots and branded products, the children’s channels also sell immaterial goods such as “emotional labor” performed by these workers. Thy have to learn delicate “emotional arrangements” to evoke, maintain, and arrange positive emotions on programs, stages, and social media to meet the needs of all parties.
This study also indicates that dual-earner families are gradually inclined to “outsource” the intimate, caring, and educational aspects of their children’s life to the children’s channels and especially to these “brothers and sisters.” When commercial activities enter a household, the intimate relationship between the family members will be altered. Moreover, the involvement of the “brothers and sisters” in reproducing family relation also redefined their occupational purpose.
The children’s channels not only monitor the labor process of the “brothers and sisters,” but also interfere with their daily lives. Facing regulation from their employer, these workers can also be flexible in managing their lives, while engaging in overt or covert daily resistance and thus practicing the “art of (not) being dominated.” By doing so, they manage to be favored by the children’s channels or reduce the risk of punishment. However, the labor process still frequently interferes with their roles and self, leading to mental disorders and repeated breakdowns of their bodies and minds.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄

論⽂審定書…………………………………………………………………………………………ⅰ
論⽂公開授權書……………………………………………………………………………………ⅱ
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………………………ⅲ
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………ⅵ
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………ⅶ
圖次 ………………………………………………………………………………………………xiii
表次 ………………………………………………………………………………………………xiv

第一章 導論 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯1
一、研究背景與問題意識 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯1
二、文獻回顧 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯3
三、研究方法與分析架構 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯6
四、章節安排 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯9

第二章 勞動體制與專業邊界的象徵鬥爭 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯11
一、導論⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯11
二、兒童台的勞動體制⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯12
2.1 海選制度 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯12
2.2 經紀(勞動)合約與節目型態 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯15
2.3 經紀(勞動)合約與商業模式 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯15
三、攝影棚現場⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯16
3.1 鏡頭前後的哥哥姐姐 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯16
3.2 變身前的梳化間 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯17
3.3 遊戲區內的團康時間 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯19
3.4  拍攝中的攝影棚 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯20
四、商業演出⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯22
4.1 主要收入來源 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯22
4.2 交通路途 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯23
4.3 後台 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯24
4.4 舞台表演 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯26
五、跨領域發展 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯28
六、專業邊界的象徵鬥爭⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯31
七、擬似小頭家意識與倦怠的功績主體⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯39
八、小結:對剝削機制的分析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯41

第三章 身體技藝與美學勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯44
一、導論⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯44
二、相關理論文獻綜述⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯45
三、組織美學與美學勞動⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯47
3.1 美學勞動下的身體 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯47
3.2 作為組織美學的制服、笑容與表演風格 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯51
3.3 美學勞動下的聲音 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯53
3.4 作為組織美學的身體 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯55
3.5 美學勞動與崩壞的身體 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯59
四、小結⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯64

第四章 情緒的展演與配置 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯66
一、導論⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯66
二、相關理論文獻綜述⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯67
2.1 Arlie Hochschild研究傳統下的情緒勞動(emotional labor)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯67
2.2 Hardt and Negri傳統下的情緒與情感勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯69
2.3 Jamie Woodcock的情感勞動(affective labor) ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯70
三、經驗分析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯71
3.1 從表層表演、深層表演到「情緒配置」(emotional arrangement) ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯71
3.2 失去的地位保護與看不見的勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯78
3.3 細緻而複雜的(線上)情緒勞動:哥哥姐姐與空服員的比較 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯81
3.4 情緒失調、身心傷害與「角色吞噬」(role engulfment)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯84
四、小結⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯89

第五章 「外包」時代下的再生產勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯90
一、導論 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯90
二、兒童台勞動與資本主義再生產⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯92
三、家庭內外的親密與照顧服務 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯101
四、小結 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯108

第六章 (不)受支配的藝術 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯110
一、導論 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯110
二、James Scott的理論概述⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112
2.1「弱者的武器」(weapons of the weak) ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112
2.2「支配與抵抗的藝術」⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112
2.3「公開腳本」(public transcripts)的概念 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112
2.4「隱藏腳本」(hidden transcripts)的概念 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯113
2.5「日常抵抗」的概念 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯113
2.6「潛隱政治」(infrapolitics)的概念 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯115
三、日常抵抗的時空向度 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯115
四、經驗分析 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯116
4.1 形成意識形態對抗與抵抗的社會場所 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯116
4.2 錄影前後的日常抵抗 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯120
4.3 舞台演出的日常抵抗 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯124
4.4 宗教文化的日常抵抗 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯126
五、隱藏腳本的公開 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯128
5.1 從屬者公開隱藏腳本 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯128
5.2 支配者公開隱藏腳本 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯131
六、小結 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯134

第七章 結論 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯136
一、主要研究發現 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯136
1.1 專業邊界的象徵鬥爭 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯136
1.2 組織美學與美學勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯136
1.3 情緒配置與角色吞噬下的身心傷害 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯137
1.4 外包下的照顧、親密、教育勞動 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯137
1.5(不)受支配的藝術 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯138

二、研究限制與未來展望 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯140

參考文獻 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯142
圖次

圖一 論文分析結構 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯8

表次
表一 訪談對象列表⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯9

表二 哥哥姐姐和兒童台關係中的支配與抵抗⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯139
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