在物聯網(Internet of Things, IoT)中，感測器(Sensor)收集的資料類型可分為即時性(Real-Time, RT)與非即時性(Non-Real-Time, NRT)，即時性資料必須在時間限制(Time Constraint)內抵達目的地，而非即時性資料則可以容許較大的延遲。大部分感測器所傳送封包的資料只有少量位元組(Byte)，因此封包標頭(Header)會造成網路多餘的負載(Overhead)。封包整合技術可以用來減少網路的負載，但過去研究都沒有區別封包的即時性與非即時性就將封包做整合，如此會造成即時性的封包無法於時間限制內抵達目的地，因此本論文設計一個全新的資料收集協定(Data Collection Protocol, DCP)與動態封包整合(Dynamic Packet Integration, DPI)演算法，我們設計DCP封包的欄位來區別資料類型(即時性或非即時性)與資料型態(影音或數字)，DPI只針對非即時性的封包做整合，而即時性的封包則不經整合直接送出，本論文的創新之處在於整合封包的節點會根據緊急性資料的封包個數來動態改變封包整合的長度。最後為了驗證本論文的機制可以動態整合封包，我們實作DCP與DPI，從實驗結果中，我們證實本論文所提出的機制可以有效降低網路頻寬的使用，並且讓即時性的封包可於時間限制內抵達目的地。

In Internet of Things (IoT), data collected by sensors can be classified as Real-Time (RT) and Non-Real-Time (NRT), where RT data must reach its destination within a time constraint, and NRT data can allow for a longer delay. Since most sensors transmit packets with only a few bytes of data, packet header adversely causes excess overhead on network. Packet integration techniques can be used to reduce the load on network. However, previous studies have integrated packets without distinguishing between RT and NRT packets, which results in RT packets may not reach their destination within their time limit. Therefore, this thesis designs a new Data Collection Protocol (DCP) and a Dynamic Packet Integration (DPI) algorithm. We design the packet format to distinguish data type (RT or NRT) and data content (video or text/numbers), DPI only integrates NRT packets, while RT packets are forwarded directly without any integration. Finally, to validate the dynamical packet integration scheme, we implement DCP and DPI on a ZedBoard and a gateway to Internet. From the experimental results, we confirm that proposed scheme can effectively reduce the bandwidth usage and allow RT packets to reach their destinations within the time limit.

論文審定書i
致謝ii
摘要iii
Abstractiv
目錄v
圖目錄vii
表目錄viii
第一章 導論1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 研究方法1
1.3 章節介紹2
第二章 感測器網路與ZedBoard3
2.1 感測器3
2.2 ZedBoard4
2.2.1 ZedBoard的硬體配置5
2.2.2 Vivado與Vitis軟體平台6
2.3 閘道器10
2.4 相關研究12
第三章　動態封包整合機制15
3.1 資料收集協定15
3.2 閘道器要求收集資料18
3.3 感測器傳送資料19
3.4 動態整合封包22
3.5 伺服器解開資料25
第四章 實作與分析27
4.1 實作環境與設備規格27
4.2 感測器的實作29
4.3 NAT的實作30
4.4 DCP的實作31
4.4.1 閘道器要求收集資料31
4.4.2 感測器傳送資料33
4.4.3 閘道器動態整合封包38
4.4.4 伺服器解開資料41
4.5 實作結果43
4.5.1 參數的設定與效能量測43
4.5.2 結果分析45
4.5.2.1 傳送封包時所需頻寬45
4.5.2.2 處裡全部封包標頭所需的時間46
4.5.2.3 整合封包所需的時間47
4.5.2.4 封包來回所需的時間47
第五章 結論與未來工作49
5.1 結論49
5.2 遭遇問題49
5.3 未來工作50
Reference51
Acronyms55
Index57

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