為了維護歷史上被剝奪權利的族群利益，現今國家的選舉制度設立特別選區以選出原住民族政治參與的代表。在台灣，立委選舉畫分出二個原住民特別選區，選出六個席位代表16 個原住民族，而服務的範圍則不分選區擴及全台各地。本文以探究族群和地理劃分因素對於原住民立委候選人產生的作用及社會共通性對於選民做投票決策時的影響。透過定量分析，顯示族群親近性和投票鄰近性在選民投票的過程中扮演重要角色。情緒觸發常用來解釋民族中心思維及地區認同，但本文提出，與 2020 年台灣立法委員選舉南部地區的原住民立委候選人、競選團隊及地方仕紳正式訪談紀錄中表明，透過有組織的建立正式或非正式的個人社會關係連結以及親屬網絡，才是投票決策時觸發選民民族中心思維及地區認同的主要因素。

In the interest of representing historically disenfranchised groups, electoral systems have invoked special electoral districts for the political representation of Indigenous peoples all over the world. In Taiwan two overlapping, nation-wide Indigenous constituencies are used to allocate six representative seats for the representation of the 16 recognised Indigenous minority ethnic groups. This thesis examines the role that ethnic and geographical divisions within the Indigenous population play in the election of legislative candidates and the role of shared social characteristics in voter choice. Through quantitative analysis, both ethnic affinity and geographical proximity voting are shown to be major factors underpinning the decision-making processes of the Indigenous electorate. While formal interviews with electoral candidates, legislative support teams, and local elites of the 2020 electoral competition between candidates in the south of Taiwan, show that conventional explanations of emotionally triggered ethno-centric and/or geographic identities of interest are marginal compared to the effect of the formal and informal kinship networks.

Thesis Validation Letter .................................................................................................................. i
摘 要................................................................................................................................................ ii
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Structure ................................................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 2: Indigeneity and Political Representation in Taiwan ..................................................... 8
2.1 Japanese Colonial Period .................................................................................................... 10
2.2 KMT Martial Law Era......................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Post-Democratisation .......................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 3: Theories of Group Political Participation ................................................................... 18
3.1 Ethnic Affinity Voting ........................................................................................................ 19
3.2 Voter Proximity ................................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Mechanisms of Choice ........................................................................................................ 25
3.3.1 Rational Choice Approach ............................................................................................ 26
3.3.2 Sociological Approach ................................................................................................. 29
Chapter 4: Methodology ............................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Data ..................................................................................................................................... 36
4.1.1 Candidate-Voter Ethnicity ............................................................................................ 38
4.1.2 Voter Proximity ............................................................................................................ 41
4.2 Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.1 Regression Analysis ..................................................................................................... 44
4.2.2 Ecological Inference ..................................................................................................... 46
4.3 Case Study Methodology .................................................................................................... 49
Chapter 5: Ethnic Affinity Voting ................................................................................................ 51
5.1 Coethnicity as Candidate Trait ............................................................................................ 52
v
5.1.1 Highlands ...................................................................................................................... 55
5.1.2 Lowlands ...................................................................................................................... 59
5.2 Voting Patterns of Ethnic Groups ....................................................................................... 61
5.2.1 Traditional Territories ................................................................................................... 61
5.2.2 Ecological Inference ..................................................................................................... 68
5.2.3 Ethnicity: Conclusion ................................................................................................... 73
Chapter 6: Proximity ..................................................................................................................... 75
6.1 Vote Shares ......................................................................................................................... 75
6.2 Continuous Distance ........................................................................................................... 79
6.3 Categorical Distance ........................................................................................................... 81
6.3.1 Highlands ...................................................................................................................... 83
6.3.2 Lowlands ...................................................................................................................... 85
6.4 Proximity: Conclusion......................................................................................................... 87
Chapter 7: Case Study ................................................................................................................... 89
7.1 Ethnicity .............................................................................................................................. 93
7.2 Proximity ............................................................................................................................. 99
7.3 External Factors................................................................................................................. 104
7.3.1 Party ............................................................................................................................ 105
7.3.2 Incumbency ................................................................................................................ 107
7.4 Case Study: Conclusion .................................................................................................... 108
Chapter 8: Discussion and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 114
References ................................................................................................................................... 120
Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 132

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