Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0505123-120724 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0505123-120724
論文名稱
Title
美麗零殘忍:探討影響消費者購買無動物實驗化妝品之因素
Beauty without Cruelty: An Investigation of Factors Inciting Consumers to Purchase Cruelty-Free Cosmetics
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
52
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2023-06-01
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2023-06-05
關鍵字
Keywords
零殘忍化妝品、計畫行為理論、道德責任、主觀規範、價格敏感度、購買意向、良知消費
Cruelty-free Cosmetics, Theory of Planned Behavior, Moral Responsibility, Subjective Norms, Price Sensitivity, Purchase Intention, Ethical Consumption
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 83 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 83 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
這些年,零殘忍化妝品之市場價值逐漸成長。消費者逐漸明白其消費力對於動物福利的影響。動物福祉考量、參照團體之意見及價格對消費者與生產者間的利益激起此研究之誕生。此研究基於計畫行為理論探討消費者的道德責任、主觀規範及價格敏感度對零殘忍化妝品消費意向;亦研究價格敏感度對於主觀規範及消費意向之調節作用。研究結果分析於取自任意抽樣方式之127份有效線上問卷回應,並以迴歸、調節分析、卡方獨立性檢驗評估研究成效。結構方程式評定了此研究模型之適配性。結果指出道德責任與主觀規範與消費者購買零殘忍化妝品之意圖具正向關聯。此外,此研究證明價格敏感度部分調節主觀規範與購買意圖之效果。統計及實際顯著性為以上三個調查發現提升價值。然而,價格敏感度負面影響購買意向結果為不顯著。
Abstract
Cruelty-free cosmetics market value has been growing these years based on statistics. Consumers are more aware of their purchase power for animal welfare. Animal well-being considerations, reference groups’ opinions, and prices for consumers' and producers’ interests motivated the researcher for this study. The research scrutinizes consumers’ cruelty-free cosmetics purchase intention with the following variables: moral responsibility, subjective norms, and price sensitivity via the theory of planned behavior (TPB); it also examines if price sensitivity moderates subjective norms and purchase intention. Using a convenience sampling approach, 127 usable responses were collected via an online questionnaire. Regression analysis, moderation analysis, and Chi-Square independence test were utilized to evaluate the results. The structural equation model assessed the model fit of the research framework. The findings demonstrate that moral responsibility and subjective norms positively affect consumers’ cruelty-free cosmetics purchase intention. In addition, price sensitivity is proven to moderate the effect between subjective norms and purchase intention marginally. Statistical and practical significance valorize these three findings. However, the negative link between price sensitivity and purchase intention is insignificant.
目次 Table of Contents
Thesis Validation Letteri
摘要ii
Abstractiii
Table of Contentsiv
Table of Figuresv
Table of Tablesv
1. Introduction1
1.1 Cruelty-free Cosmetics2
1.2 Ethical Consumption3
1.3 Research Gap and Purpose4
2. Literature Review6
2.1 Theory of Planned Behavior6
2.2 Moral Responsibility7
2.3 Subjective Norms9
2.4 Price Sensitivity11
3. Hypotheses Development12
4. Methodology15
4.1 Data Collection, Participants, and Sampling Design15
4.2 Research Design17
5. Results21
5.1 Reliability and Validity Analysis22
5.2 Findings25
6. Discussions and Conclusion29
6.1 Theoretical Contributions31
6.2 Managerial Implications33
7. Limitations and Future Research34
8. References36
9. Appendix46

Table of Figures
Figure 1. The Cruelty-free Certification3
Figure 2. The Conceptual Framework.6
Figure 3. Research Framework and Model Fit Report.28

Table of Tables
Table 1. Characteristics of Sample16
Table 2. Overall Cosmetics Consumption Questions19
Table 3. Questionnaire Formulation20
Table 4. Variables and Descriptive Statistics23
Table 5. Discriminant Validity Test.25
Table 6. Hypothesis Testing Results.26
Table 7. Chi-Square Analysis of Demography and Purchase Intention27
參考文獻 References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1992). Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(3), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1992.11969889
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice-Hall.
Ajzen, I., & Sheikh, S. (2013). Action versus inaction: Anticipated affect in the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(1), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00989.x
Alaouir, T., Gustavsson, R., & Schmidt, N. (2019). Factors Driving Purchase Intention for Cruelty-free Cosmetics : A study of female millennials in Jönköping, Sweden (Dissertation). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44134
Alinsky, s. (1969). Reveille for Radicals. new York, nY: Vintage Books.
Al-Swidi, A., Mohammed Rafiul Huque, S., Haroon Hafeez, M., & Noor Mohd Shariff, M. (2014). The role of subjective norms in theory of planned behavior in the context of organic food consumption. British Food Journal, 116(10), 1561–1580. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2013-0105
Alzubaidi, H., Slade, E. L., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Examining antecedents of consumers’ pro-environmental behaviours: Tpb extended with materialism and Innovativeness. Journal of Business Research, 122, 685–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.017
Arvola, A., Vassallo, M., Dean, M., Lampila, P., Saba, A., Lähteenmäki, L., & Shepherd, R. (2008). Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: The role of affective and moral attitudes in the theory of planned behaviour. Appetite, 50(2–3), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.010
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988) . On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
Barber, N., Kuo, P., Bishop, M., & Goodman, R. (2012). Measuring psychographics to assess purchase intention and willingness to pay. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(4), 280–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761211237353
Beck, L., & Ajzen, I. (1991). Predicting dishonest actions using the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 25(3), 285–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(91)90021-H
Bret Leary, R., Vann, R. J., & Mittelstaedt, J. D. (2018). Perceived Marketplace influence and consumer ethical action. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 1117–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12220
Browne, M. W. & Mels, G. (1990). RAMONA user’s guide. Columbus: Department of Psychology, Ohio State University.
Cakici, A. C., & Tekeli, S. (2021). The mediating effect of consumers’ price level perception and emotions towards supermarkets. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 31(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-12-2020-0344
Chaudhary, R. (2018). “Green buying behavior in India: an empirical analysis”, Journal of Global Responsibility, 9(2), 179–192.
Chen, M.-F. (2007). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions in relation to organic foods in Taiwan: Moderating effects of food-related personality traits. Food Quality and Preference, 18(7), 1008–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2007.04.004
Chen, M.-F., & Tung, P.-J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers’ intention to visit Green Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.09.006
Chitrakorn, K. (2021, November 18). Is the global cosmetics market moving towards a cruelty-free future?. The Business of Fashion. https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/beauty/is-the-global-cosmetics-market-moving-towards-a-cruelty-free-future/
Cohen, J., 1988. Statistical Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
The corporate standard of Compassion For Animals (“The standard”). Leaping Bunny. (n.d.). https://www.leapingbunny.org/about/corporate-standard-compassion-animals-standard
Cosmetics animal testing FAQ. The Humane Society of the United States. (2023). https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/cosmetics-animal-testing-faq Retrieved on May 12th, 2023.
Cronin, J. J., Smith, J. S., Gleim, M. R., Ramirez, E., & Martinez, J. D. (2011). Green Marketing Strategies: An examination of stakeholders and the opportunities they present. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0227-0
Dahlquist, S. H. (2021). How green product demands influence industrial buyer/seller relationships, knowledge, and marketing dynamic capabilities. Journal of Business Research, 136, 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.045
Dimitrova, V., Kaneva, M., & Gallucci, T. (2009). Customer knowledge management in the natural cosmetics industry. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 109(9), 1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570911002243
Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540119
Februadi, A., Nabilah, A., & Najib, M. F. (2023). Determinants of attitudes toward green product and purchase intention of zero-waste product: A case study of menstrual cup. Journal of Marketing Innovation (JMI), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.35313/jmi.v2i2.34
Fifita, ’Ilaisaane M.E., Seo, Y., Ko, E., Conroy, D., & Hong, D. (2020). Fashioning organics: Wellbeing, sustainability, and status consumption practices. Journal of Business Research, 117, 664–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.005
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fraj, E., & Martinez, E. (2006). Influence of personality on ecological consumer behaviour. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(3), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.169
Ghazali, E., Soon, P. C., Mutum, D. S., & Nguyen, B. (2017). Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.08.002
Gleim, M. R., Smith, J. S., Andrews, D., & Cronin, J. J. (2013). Against the green: A multi-method examination of the barriers to green consumption. Journal of Retailing, 89(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2012.10.001
Grankvist, G., & Biel, A. (2001). The importance of beliefs and purchase criteria in the choice of eco-labeled food products. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(4), 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0234
Grappe, C. G., Lombart, C., Louis, D., & Durif, F. (2021a). “not tested on animals”: How consumers react to cruelty-free cosmetics proposed by manufacturers and retailers? International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49(11), 1532–1553. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2020-0489
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Han, H., Hsu, L.-T. (Jane), & Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the theory of planned behavior to Green Hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management, 31(3), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.013
Han, T.-I., & Chung, J.-E. (2014). Korean consumers’ motivations and perceived risks toward the purchase of Organic Cotton Apparel. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 32(4), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302x14538116
Hauser, M., Nussbeck, F. W., & Jonas, K. (2013). The impact of food-related values on food purchase behavior and the mediating role of attitudes: A Swiss study. Psychology & Marketing, 30(9), 765–778. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20644
Hsu, C.-L., Chang, C.-Y., & Yansritakul, C. (2017). Exploring purchase intention of green skincare products using the theory of planned behavior: Testing the moderating effects of country of origin and price sensitivity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 34, 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.10.006
Irani, N., & Hanzaee, K. H. (2011). The effects of variety-seeking buying tendency and price sensitivity on utilitarian and hedonic value in apparel shopping satisfaction. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v3n3p89
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1996). LISREL8 User’s reference guide. Mooresville Scientific Software.
Kaiser, F. G. (2006). A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Norms and anticipated feelings of regret in conservationism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.028
Kavilanz, P. B. (2008, April 23). The high price of going 'organic'. CNNMoney. Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://money.cnn.com/2008/04/23/news/companies/organics_backlash/index.htm
Kinnear, T. C., Taylor, J. R., & Ahmed, S. A. (1974). Ecologically concerned consumers: Who are they? Journal of Marketing, 38(2), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297403800205
Leonard, M. (2004). The human factor: The critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13(suppl_1), i85–i90. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2004.010033
Ling, C.Y. (2013), “Consumers’ purchase intention of green products: an investigation of the drivers and moderating variable”, Elixir Marketing Management, 57, 14503-14509.
Liobikienė, G., & Bernatonienė, J. (2017a). Why determinants of green purchase cannot be treated equally? the case of Green Cosmetics: Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.204
Liu, M. T., Liu, Y., & Mo, Z. (2020). Moral norm is the key. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(8), 1823–1841. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2019-0285
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.130
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological methods, 7, 64-82.
Magano, J., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., Ferreira, B., & Leite, Â. (2022). A cross-sectional study on ethical buyer behavior towards cruelty-free cosmetics: What consequences for female leadership practices? Sustainability, 14(13), 7786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137786
Manstead, A. S. R. (1999). The role of moral norm in the attitude-behavior relation. Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context, 11–30. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603210-2
Mehta, P., Kaur, A., Singh, S., & Mehta, M. D. (2022). “sustainable attitude” – a modest notion creating a tremendous difference in the glamourous fast fashion world: Investigating moderating effects. Society and Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/sbr-10-2021-0205
Minton, E. A., Kahle, L. R., & Kim, C.-H. (2015). Religion and motives for sustainable behaviors: A cross-cultural comparison and contrast. Journal of Business Research, 68(9), 1937–1944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.003
Minton, E. A., Spielmann, N., Kahle, L. R., & Kim, C.-H. (2018). The subjective norms of sustainable consumption: A cross-cultural exploration. Journal of Business Research, 82, 400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.031
Minton, E., Lee, C., Orth, U., Kim, C.-H., & Kahle, L. (2012). Sustainable Marketing and social media. Journal of Advertising, 41(4), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2012.10672458
Mohtsham Saeed, M., & Arshad, F. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility as a source of competitive advantage: The mediating role of Social Capital and Reputational Capital. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 19(4), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1057/dbm.2012.19
Moser, A. K. (2015). Thinking green, buying green? drivers of pro-environmental purchasing behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(3), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2014-1179
Newbery, L. (2021). This book is cruelty free: Animals and US. Pavilion.
Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill.
Olsen, T. D., Payne, L. A., & Reiter, A. G. (2010). The justice balance: When transitional justice improves human rights and democracy. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(4), 980–1007. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2010.0021
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.006
Petruzzi, D. (2023, January 26). Topic: Cosmetics industry. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/3137/cosmetics-industry/#topicOverview
Petschnig, M., Heidenreich, S., & Spieth, P. (2014). Innovative Alternatives Take Action – investigating determinants of alternative fuel vehicle adoption. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.01.001
Pop, R.-A., Săplăcan, Z., & Alt, M.-A. (2020). Social Media Goes Green—the impact of social media on Green Cosmetics purchase motivation and intention. Information, 11(9), 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11090447
Prakash, G., & Pathak, P. (2017). Intention to buy eco-friendly packaged products among young consumers of India: A study on developing nation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.116
Rose, S. (2021, October 5). 88% of Top Beauty Brands Fund Animal Testing (animal testing statistics): Cruelty-Free Kitty. Cruelty. https://www.crueltyfreekitty.com/news/animal-testing-statistics/#ref
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. Pearson.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Sebastiani, R., Montagnini, F., & Dalli, D. (2012). Ethical consumption and new business models in the food industry. evidence from the eataly case. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(3), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1343-1
Sheehan, K. B., & Lee, J. (2014). What’s cruel about cruelty free: An exploration of consumers, moral heuristics, and public policy. Journal of Animal Ethics, 4(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.4.2.0001
Shen, J. (2012). Understanding the determinants of consumers' willingness to pay for eco-labeled products: an empirical analysis of the China environmental label. Journal of Service Science and Management, 5, 87–94.
Singhal, A., & Malik, G. (2018). The attitude and purchasing of female consumers towards Green marketing related to cosmetic industry. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 12(3), 514–531. https://doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-11-2017-0063
Smith, S., & Paladino, A. (2010). Eating clean and green? investigating consumer motivations towards the purchase of Organic Food. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2010.01.001
Soerjanatamihardja, K.A. & Fachira, I. (2017), “Study of perception and attitude towards green marketing of Indonesian cosmetics consumers”, Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 160-172.
Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J. W., Keizer, K., & Perlaviciute, G. (2014). An integrated framework for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of values, situational factors and goals. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.01.002
Steiger, J. H. (1989). EZPATH: A supplementary module for SYSTAT and SYSGRAPH. Evanston, IL: SYSTAT.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
Tan, C.-S., Ooi, H.-Y., & Goh, Y.-N. (2017). A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia. Energy Policy, 107, 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.027
Teng, C.-C., & Wang, Y.-M. (2015). Decisional factors driving organic food consumption. British Food Journal, 117(3), 1066–1081. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2013-0361
Thøgersen, J. (2005). How may consumer policy empower consumers for sustainable lifestyles? Journal of Consumer Policy, 28(2), 143–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-005-2982-8
Torelli, R. (2020). Sustainability, responsibility and ethics: Different Concepts for a single path. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hb92c
Uedufy (May 25, 2023) How To Interpret Model Fit Results In AMOS. Retrieved from https://uedufy.com/how-to-interpret-model-fit-results-in-amos/.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022). “Cruelty Free”/ “Not Tested on Animals.” Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling-claims/cruelty-freenot-tested-animals
Webster, Jr., F. E. (1975). Determining the characteristics of the socially conscious consumer. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(3), 188. https://doi.org/10.1086/208631
West, R. F., Meserve, R. J., & Stanovich, K. E. (2012). Cognitive sophistication does not attenuate the bias blind spot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028857
Wibowo, Y. G., Wulandari, R. H., & Qomariah, N. (2021). Impact of price, product quality, and promotion on consumer satisfaction in cosmetics and skincare. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 04(07). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i7-11
Yadav, R. and Pathak, G.S. (2017), “Determinants of consumers green purchase behavior in a developing nation: Applying and extending the theory of planned behavior”, Ecological Economics, 134, 114-122.
Yeon Kim, H., & Chung, J. (2011). Consumer purchase intention for Organic Personal Care Products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761111101930
Zaidi, N., Dixit, S., Maurya, M., & Dharwal, M. (2022). Willingness to pay for green products and factors affecting buyer’s behaviour: An empirical study. Materials Today: Proceedings, 49, 3595–3599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.123
Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Ismail, N., Ahrari, S., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). The effects of consumer attitude on Green Purchase Intention: A meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Business Research, 132, 732–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.053
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:開放下載的時間 available 2026-06-05
校外 Off-campus:開放下載的時間 available 2026-06-05

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 18.190.159.10
現在時間是 2024-04-29
論文校外開放下載的時間是 2026-06-05

Your IP address is 18.190.159.10
The current date is 2024-04-29
This thesis will be available to you on 2026-06-05.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 2026-06-05

QR Code