這項研究的目標是調查印度消費者對現金使用以及數位支付選項的態度和行為。這項研究受到印度政府推動擴大數位支付方式使用和減少對實體貨幣依賴的舉措啟發。這些舉措是政府旨在擴大金融服務使用和建立無現金經濟的整體使命的一部分。這項研究採用混合方法的研究方法，利用在印度不同地區進行的網上調查和深入訪談來探討消費者行為在使用現金和數位支付方式中受到的人口統計、經濟、科技、文化和社會 因素的影響。作為全球人口最多的國家之一，印度是主要的研究焦點。研究顯示年齡、收入、教育、數位支付基礎設施的可用性和價格、數位支付技術的易用性和安全性、信任、熟悉度、同儕影響和社會規範等因素顯著影響印度消費者在現金和數位支付方面的行為。報告還指出了在鄉村地區推廣數位支付方式所面臨的各種挑戰，包括缺乏數位支付基礎設施、技術使用的限制和低水平的金融素養。這些是該研究中確定的一些障礙。總的來說，這項研究為印度的消費者行為和數位支付方式的現有文獻作出了貢獻，同時為致力於擴大金融服務使用和邁向無現金經濟的政策制定者、企業和金融機構提供了有用的見解。

This study's objective is to investigate the attitudes and behaviour of Indian consumers about the utilization of cash as well as digital payment options. This research was inspired by the initiatives taken by the government of India to expand the use of digital payment methods and decrease reliance on physical currency. These initiatives are a subset of the government's overarching mission to broaden access to financial services and create a cashless economy.
This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilizing online surveys and in-depth interviews with customers across different regions of India. It investigates the demographic, economic, technological, cultural, and social factors influencing consumer behavior in the use of cash and digital payment methods in India. As one of the most populous countries globally, India serves as the primary focus. The study reveals that factors such as age, income, education, digital payment infrastructure availability and affordability, ease of use and security of digital payment technologies, trust, familiarity, peer influence, and societal norms significantly impact consumer behavior in cash and digital payments.
The report also cites various challenges to the adoption of digital payment methods in rural areas, including a lack of digital payment infrastructure, limited access to technology, and low levels of financial literacy. These are some of the barriers that are identified in the study.
Overall, this research makes a contribution to the existing body of literature on consumer behaviour and digital payment methods in India, and it also offers useful insights to policymakers, businesses, and financial institutions that are working to expand access to financial services and move towards a cashless economy.

Thesis Validation Letter i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract (Chinese) iii
Abstract (English) iv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Historical Perspective of Cash and Cashless Transaction in India 5
2.2 Benefits and Drawbacks 6
2.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Cash and Cashless Transaction 8
2.4 Scam Prevention in Local Government : Non-Cash Transactions 14
2.5 Conclusion of The Literature Review 17
Chapter 3 Methodology 19
3.1 Research Design 19
3.2 Research Method 20
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 22
4.1 Exploring the Impact of Demographics on Consumer Behavior in cash and cashless Transactions 22
4.2 From Cash Dominance to Cashless Future 24
Chapter 5 Conclusion 27
5.1 Summary 27
5.2 Limitations and future research 30
References 31
Appendix 35

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